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Sim Flight Training: Short-Field Take-off Video! (Read 4336 times)
Feb 6th, 2008 at 3:39pm

Mobius   Offline
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Hey everyone.  I've put together a short video that follows Brett's short-field take-off tutorial HERE.  I've uploaded it to youtube, SimTeeVee, and as a download, so take your pick. Wink

Downloadable Version (Highest Quality - 25.5 MB)

SimTeeVee Version (Medium Quality - Streamed)

Youtube Version (lowest quality -  Streamed)

Please post any questions or comments and we will answer them as best we can.

Thanks. Smiley


Next up: climbs, descents, turns, stalls, and steep turns. Wink


Note: For the Cessna 172 (and only the 172):  Vx = ~60 kias  and  Vy = ~75 kias
« Last Edit: Feb 7th, 2008 at 10:22am by Mobius »  

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Reply #1 - Feb 6th, 2008 at 5:34pm

C   Offline
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Nicely done. Like the format. Smiley
 
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Reply #2 - Feb 6th, 2008 at 5:43pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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That video shows the technique (right down to a good view of the ASI), very well indeed. I can feel the ground dropping away smartly, nailed on Vx. Very impressive work  Smiley
 
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Reply #3 - Feb 6th, 2008 at 5:51pm

Fozzer   Offline
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...any chance of indicating the total File Size in each download..?

Downloading Sim V's files doesn't ever indicate the total file size for some strange reason using the standard Windows downloader, so I had to cancel the download, part way through, for fear that it may exceed my Service Provider's total download allowance for the month... Shocked...!

Paul....Wink...!

 

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Reply #4 - Feb 6th, 2008 at 6:22pm

Mobius   Offline
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Sure thing Paul, the downloadable version is 25.5MB, and the youtube and SimTeeVee version are just streamed right off the website. Wink


Thanks for the comments guys.  I'm really enjoying this.  It's fun to fly, but it's a whole other level of fun to teach other people to fly. Smiley
 

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Reply #5 - Feb 7th, 2008 at 12:06pm

beaky   Offline
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That's a great idea... and well done.
Only criticism I have is: I was taught to retract flaps and then trim for Vy, as the nose is coming down anyway when you pull the flaps. Makes it real easy to establish Vy, and no surprises.

If you establish Vy and then retract flaps, you'll have to pick the nose up again, in most airplanes.

Not a big deal, either way is "correct", I guess... just a thought.
 

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Reply #6 - Feb 7th, 2008 at 2:17pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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Quote:
That's a great idea... and well done.
Only criticism I have is: I was taught to retract flaps and then trim for Vy, as the nose is coming down anyway when you pull the flaps. Makes it real easy to establish Vy, and no surprises.

If you establish Vy and then retract flaps, you'll have to pick the nose up again, in most airplanes.

Not a big deal, either way is "correct", I guess... just a thought.


Thoughts are good.. they lead to discussion  Smiley

Though I'll have to admit that I've never done a clinical test comparing the two methods... I'm pretty confident in the results. They were really made clear one day, many moons ago, during a failed (as in I failed) engine out landing  Embarrassed  My instructor pulled the throttle on downwind... and I instinctively pitched for 'Best Glide' (anyone know if there's a Vspeed for that?) which is very close to Vx 60~65kias. I failed, because I forgot to immediately retract the flaps (had 10 degrees deployed)...  When it was obvious that I would NOT make the runway because of those flaps; I went ahead and applied some power and reached to retract the flaps. He stopped my hand and asked what I thought I was doing. I said, "I'm already too low"... he said, "OK go ahead"  ...  THAT was interesting   Shocked

Of course NOW I know, just from shear flying experience, that if you find yourself low and slow and intend to land with the flaps already extended.. you just pitch/power your way to the runway.. kinda like a soft-field landing.. and that my instinct to retract flaps in order to flatten out the approach doesn't quite work out for ya; when you're at or near Vx  Roll Eyes  ... it gets a little TOO flat...

You might not picture or even sense it during a full power climb... but let me tall ya; when you retract flaps at Vx, you lose some altitude... try it in ground-effect when the wind is shifting, and you'll be visiting your chiropracter..

The net altitude when the dust settles is probaly pretty close.. whether you retract pre or post, Vy...But I'd be willing to bet that if the flaps are down, and you're holding Vx; the altitude that you'll not gain by pitching for Vy first; is less than the altitude you'll  LOSE, retracting the flaps at Vx. If you're already clear of the obstacle, it probably won't matter. I just remember from close ground proximity (and even when returning to normal flight after practing MCA), that you drop quite a bit retracting the flaps at Vx. Some of that might just be perception.. and I intend to test it, next time I'm up in a C172.

 
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Reply #7 - Feb 7th, 2008 at 4:16pm

beaky   Offline
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Again, I've probably described it wrong:
Brett is right- if you pull the flaps up at Vx and do nothing else, you'll sink some. But what I usually do is sort of mix it together; "flaps up/transition Vy" is sort of the same action for me.
The way it was explained to me is that it's good to do both: retract flaps and work with the pitch change to immediately transition to Vy.I have found that the plane will ask for "back trim" right away as you pull the flaps up, a moment before it starts sinking in any positive way; if you're working the pitch consciously at that moment, anticipating it, you'll get near Vy before you really sink much.

I've never noticed any undue loss of altitude doing it that way... but I have done it the other way more than once (as in going to put flaps down on downwind and realizing I never retracted them- LOL!!).

But unlike a go-around, where you may have full flaps down when you initiate the climb, we're talking about retracting flaps from 10 degrees to zero (short-field takeoff), which is not a dramatic change in most aircraft.  

PS- I also know the other flap-related error similar to what Brett described: accidentally did full retract from 30 degrees to 0 as I executed a go-around... for a second, I just sat there going "hmmm... full power; low airspeed, back pressure... but we're headed for the ground... duh? ". Cheesy
Figured it out in time, and the instructor just laughed at me (it was a rental checkout in a K model 172 with that #@$^ flap toggle).  Grin

I guess if you really need to do a short-field, like for real, climbing out of a hole so to speak, it would be wise to keep the flaps down for that steep climb path and not lift them until you have Vy or better.

There are many schools of thought about it: My DFE for my check ride once chided me for practicing short-field takeoffs at KTEB (my habit when I was alternating between that vast airport and little tree-lined N07)- he though it was foolish to get the plane in that attitude, vulnerable to turbulence, etc. unless absolutely necessary.
Yeah, I know... how do you prepare for the real deal if you don't practice? Roll Eyes

But what does he know- he flies D-Falcons and junk like that. Wink Grin
 

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Reply #8 - Feb 7th, 2008 at 5:18pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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It all gets confusing.. and a lot of the blame can be given to Cessna. I'm pretty sure that the POH's reason for no flaps at all; is the same reason practicing short-field takeoffs has some perils of its own. A plane at Vx is already vulnerable if the engine quits. A plane at Vx with flaps deployed is in REAL trouble if the engine quits. If you ever flew with my mentor, and weren't at Vy within seconds after rotation... you're gonna get scolded..  Angry  And he won't even let you call it Vy... it's Vyse (best rate, single engine). In other words.. if you're in a twin with him; you had better climb out at the airspeed for best rate if an engine up and quit on you.

After a while though, flaps up and re-pitching, like Rotty mentions... it's like trimming...  all one motion (if you admit to practicing short-field takeoffs  Wink  )
 
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Reply #9 - Feb 10th, 2008 at 6:01am

AA   Offline
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I just got done reading the thread that this video was based on and rather than resurrecting that thread from the dead, I thought I would just post my piece here.

I don't know if this comes from my training being exclusively in Pipers or not, but the procedure that I learned for short and even soft field landings are a little different from the procedures discussed in this Sim Flight Training series.

First of all, the short field procedure here is the same that I learned up until rotation. I was taught to rotate at the normal rotation speed (50 to 55 KIAS in a PA28-161) and establish an attitude that would produce Vx (about 10-15 degrees) without staying in ground effect. Then, maintain Vx until clearing the 50 ft. obstacle. After clearing the obstacle, establish and climb out at Vy.

The procedure here is more similar to the soft field procedure that I learned except for a couple of key differences:
1) Hold full up elevator for the entire procedure to keep the weight off of the nose wheel and on the mains (that is until leveling off in ground effect), and
2) Keep the aircraft rolling while lining up on the runway to avoid getting stuck

I don't know if this difference is just because I learned in Pipers or if it's because the flight school that I learned through is crazy.

I really apologize if I have completely confused anyone, but I thought the differences between what I learned and what yall have been discussing were "puzzling" for lack of a better term.

Maybe I should just go back to my Piper corner and let all you Cessna fliers out there do whatever you want to.  Grin
 
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Reply #10 - Feb 10th, 2008 at 11:52am

Mobius   Offline
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No, feel free to discuss and argue with us, that's why we're here. Wink

The idea behind lifting off as soon as possible is to try to decrease drag.  You have a substantial amount of drag due to the wheels rolling along the ground, so if you can lift off as soon as possible, you can accelerate faster and get away from the ground and obstacles faster than if you stayed on the runway.  Then, because you lifted off at a slower speed than you can normally fly at (or want to fly at), you want to stay in ground-effect to allow yourself to accelerate to the normal climb-out speeds (Vx for distance, Vy for time).

The idea behind staying in ground effect is that in ground effect, there is less lift-induced drag because the ground disrupts the wing-tip vorticies.  This means that you get the same lift for less drag.  The problem is, once you get out of ground effect, there's a rather nasty increase in drag.  So, if you take-off as soon as you can and climb out, you'll be able to lift off the runway, but at 20 or 30 ft off the ground, you'll come out of ground effect with too little speed and the aircraft will stall, then you know the rest... Wink

 

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Reply #11 - Feb 10th, 2008 at 12:37pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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By all means, dig the threads up. I plan on bumping them all up soon, anyway. Kind of like a review, since all 7 are done.

Your question is kind of mentioned in that thread... Mainly the soft-field aspect of the short-field takeoff, as I've taught it. I'll quote myself, though Mobius has done a good job of explaining the theory. What we have to remember is that manufacturer ideas have lawsuits in mind. As I mentioned in this thread.. the Cessna POH goes as far as NOT suggesting even flap deployment.   Roll Eyes

Quote:
Summary....  

If I'm spending time trying to calculate whether a tree-line is clear-able, and decide to give it a try.......

I'm starting the take-off roll with a notch of flaps and the yoke on my chest. If I can't get the plane into a "soft-field", wheels off the ground, ground-effect, Vx climb, with enough runway left to abort.. I'm aborting...



And yes.. Warriors are a little different than Skyhawks... Actually quite a bit different. If you follow my quote in a Piper; it might get tense. You can get a Cessna up off the runway at Vx briskly and smoothly. A Piper needs a little more airspeed to jump up into ground-effect. I don't fully understand why, aerodynamically... but it's certainly a function of the low wings...and very probably a function of the extra dihedral.

When you try to ease a Piper into ground effect at Vx, it really drifts if there's cross-wind. If you try to jump it up into ground-effect at Vx (like you can a Cessna), it drifts AND wants to come back down a bit.

Remember when you were training, and possibly going back and forth between Warriors and Skyhawks ? Remember what happens when you try to land a Warrior like a Skyhawk ?  If you use as much positive pitch while flaring with a Piper.. you're gonna hit the runway, hard..  And conversely... if you try to land a Cessna as "flatly" as you do a Piper... you might bounce and float  Shocked

Anyway... we're stuck with a Skyhawk for Sim Training. There isn't a high quality, equally realistic Warrior out there... and using downloaded planes would just complicate things. I'd love to go back and forth.. and we will.. when it comes to more advance flying. I can't WAIT for the discussions when we're doing high-performance endorsements using  both the Mooney and the Maule  Smiley
 
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Reply #12 - Feb 10th, 2008 at 2:59pm

AA   Offline
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Brett_Henderson wrote on Feb 10th, 2008 at 12:37pm:
Remember when you were training, and possibly going back and forth between Warriors and Skyhawks ? Remember what happens when you try to land a Warrior like a Skyhawk ?  If you use as much positive pitch while flaring with a Piper.. you're gonna hit the runway, hard..  And conversely... if you try to land a Cessna as "flatly" as you do a Piper... you might bounce and float  Shocked


I have pretty limited time in Cessnas, but you are very correct about the differences in landing a Warrior compared to a Skyhawk. First off, I think that the low wing changes the aerodynamics of flying in ground effect pretty, I don't want to say drastically, but the differences are definately noticable.

Also another thing to think about is how the low wing changes your outside reference points while landing. In a Skyhawk, you can have reference points outside in front of the aircraft, but you can also use your peripheral vision. Try using your peripheral vision in a Warrior, and you are going to see a lot of wing out there so it's not going to help you at all.

As far as being stuck with a Skyhawk for sim training I realize that that's what most people are using, but I thought I'd throw out a little perspective into another very popular trainer.

By the way, for anyone interested, if you do want to try flying a realistic Piper, I suggest getting either the Dreamfleet Archer II or Archer III. Both are great sim aircraft.
 
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Reply #13 - May 15th, 2009 at 9:15am

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Congrats to all on an outstanding thread. Very valuable to a novice like myself.
 
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Reply #14 - May 15th, 2009 at 5:00pm

Mobius   Offline
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DinnyD wrote on May 15th, 2009 at 9:15am:
Congrats to all on an outstanding thread. Very valuable to a novice like myself.

Glad it helped.  I was working on a landing video, but that got temporarily put on hold while I sort out a few things, but I should be able to get back to it one of these days. Wink
 

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