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Atomic History: Ivan the Monster (Read 1195 times)
Sep 4th, 2005 at 7:52am

-sam-   Offline
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On October 30, 1961 11:32AM (Moscow Time)
the Soviet Union broke the nuclear weapon test
moratorium that existed between the USA,UK, and USSR
since 1958 with the explosion of the largest H-Bomb ever.

...

The bomb was named "Ivan","The Monster",
"King of  Bombs" or later just "Tsar Bomba".
The name Tsar stands for things build in
Russia that were to big to be used. Like the "Tsar Kolokol"
a bell to big to be carried by any spire or the
"Tsar Pushka" an extraordinarily large howitzer
(never used). "Tsar Bomba" got itīs name because it
was useless, too. Actually it could
be carried by an airplane, but there was no city big enough that it would make sense to drop that bomb Roll Eyes.
The explosion of the bomb  came as a surprise to the
western nations cause Khrushchev had
assured President Kennedy in June 1961 that the Soviet Union would not test nuclear devices if the United States didn't. It was meant to explode with maxiumum political impact. Massive political propoganda was poured into this test. The careers, and possibly lives, of the design team rested underneath the bomber.

The "Tsar Bomba" was a 50 megaton 3 stage H-Bomb.
That is more than all ammunition and bombs used in WW2.
Actually it was a scaled down clean (most energy comes from fusion) version of a dirty (most energy comes from fission) 100 megaton bomb, by replacing an uranium
tamper with a lead tamper. If it would have been
exploded at full yield the total world fallout would have
been increased by 25% since the explosion
of the Hiroshima Bomb.
By replacing one tamper the explosion was also the "cleanest" H-Bomb exploded.
97% of the energy came from fusion reactions.
The bomb itself had a weight of 27tons.

The bomb was carried by a modified Tu-95. Huge parts of
the fuselage had to be removed to fit the bomb into the
bomb bay. The Bomber got a special white paint to protect it from the heat of the bomb.

...
...

The Bear was flown by A. E. Durnovtsev who became hero
after the drop.

...

The test method was a Parachute Retarded Airburst.
It was dropped from 10500m and adjusted to exploded
at a height of 4000.  The bomb had a failsafe system
not to explode if the bomber couldnīt get into safe
distance.

...

The Bear made it into safe distance and the bomb
exploded at 4000m over the island of "Novaya Zemlya".
The closest of several remote camera station is 70 miles away.

...
...
...
...
...

The sun is rising... in the north !?

...

The leg (not the foot) of the mushroom cloud had a diameter of 6 miles
The blast pressure below the burst point was 300 PSI.

...
...

The fireball and mushroom cloud reached an altitude of
64km.

...
...
...
...

The light could be seen 1600 miles away.
The thermal heat pulse of the blast was felt 500 miles from the epicenter. Radio communications were knocked out for an hour. Through atmospheric focusing the blast destroyed windows and roofes hundreds of kilometers away even in finnland and norway.
The atmospheric disturbance generated by the explosion orbited the earth three times.
Tsar caused massive devastation. Complete destruction extended to a radius of 40 miles surrounding the blast and severe damage as far as 60 miles. Ground zero after the test was described as: "The ground surface of the island has been levelled, swept and licked so that it looks like a skating rink ... The same goes for rocks. The snow has melted and their sides and edges are shiny. There is not a trace of unevenness in the ground.... Everything in this area has been swept clean, scoured, melted and blown away."

...

The United states answered the test with about 100
nuclear tests in Nevada and the Pacific Proving grounds.

Today, the 1961 Tsar Bomba test is remembered as a relic of the most dangerous period in history this world has ever seen. Footage of the blast reminds us of the force humanity can yield. A replica of the bomb is on display in the Russian Atomic Museum. The Novaya Zemlya test site was closed in 1990, but experiments are still carried out. Sub-critical tests have been conducted there in recent years, and the island is now used as a dump for radioactive waste.



 

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Reply #1 - Sep 4th, 2005 at 7:53am

-sam-   Offline
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Sources and further information:
http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/
http://www.vce.com/
http://www.atomicforum.co.nr/

Screenshots  taken from the documentaries:
Trinity and Beyond
Nukes in Space
La ciencia en la guerra 5. La bomba rusa
Two Lives of Akademic Sakharov
The Strangelove Factory

 

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Reply #2 - Sep 4th, 2005 at 7:56am

Scorpiоn   Offline
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Looks like fun.  The bigger question is where can I get me one of those. Grin
 

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Reply #3 - Sep 4th, 2005 at 11:49am
Steve-O   Ex Member

 
Quote:
The name Tsar stands for things build in
Russia that were to big to be used.

I don't no where you got you're information, but Tsar/Tzar/Czar is Russian for king or emperor.

 
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Reply #4 - Sep 4th, 2005 at 12:39pm

-sam-   Offline
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Iīm sorry. I meant that "tsar" is the nickname of things in russia that are to big to be used. Tsar in itīs original
term of course means emperor !
 

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Reply #5 - Sep 4th, 2005 at 4:11pm

Ivan   Offline
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Look ma i blew a hole in the clouds...

One can only imagine what this one would have done if it was fully loaded (estimated double the yield)
 

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Reply #6 - Sep 5th, 2005 at 1:14am

H   Offline
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Quote:

I don't no where you got you're information, but Tsar/Tzar/Czar is Russian for king or emperor.
Which became a "useless" symbol/form of authority in their bloody revolution.
 
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Reply #7 - Sep 5th, 2005 at 5:53am

Bombardier101   Offline
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My gawd, that's huge! Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked


Quote:
Which became a "useless" symbol/form of authority in their bloody revolution.


lol




Well thanks to their crazieness the world has just got more nuke fallout....d:omn... Undecided Undecided Undecided Undecided
 

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Reply #8 - Sep 5th, 2005 at 6:16am

Woozy King   Ex Member
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Too big for my taste Tongue Roll Eyes
 
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Reply #9 - Sep 5th, 2005 at 8:05am

Bombardier101   Offline
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Quote:
Too big for my taste

It's probably so big that if you dropped it in the centre of New York it would continue on after that Roll Eyes What thickster thought about making one of those?!?   Undecided
 

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Reply #10 - Sep 5th, 2005 at 5:13pm

Scorpiоn   Offline
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Probably the man whose job it is to protect his citizens, like, say, the president or the premier...  Go figure! Roll Eyes Tongue
 

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Reply #11 - Sep 7th, 2005 at 6:11am
Flt.Lt.Andrew   Ex Member

 
Sweet!
I remember in a science comp we had to calculate its maximum yield or something...got it right, but neverthe less, I want one of them!
They should've tried it out on a country that was pissing them off, or didnt count...like Manchuria Tongue


A.
 
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Reply #12 - Sep 7th, 2005 at 7:03am

Hagar   Offline
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Having lived through this time (I was 18 years old in 1961) I find it as appalling now as I did then what Man can do to his own environment without knowing or apparently caring about the effects. I'm still uncovering some of the terrible things that happend while testing these terrifying weapons. An old friend's sister died an awful death in 1962 after becoming exposed to radiation from a test that went wrong. She was just 20 years old & had never been anywhere near where the test actually took place. The doctors were stumped & they only found out what caused it many years afterwards. He told me about it only a few weeks ago. Goodness knows how many others suffered a similar fate that was covered up by the authorities.  I assure you there's nothing romantic about it.
 

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Reply #13 - Sep 7th, 2005 at 11:34am

Bombardier101   Offline
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You are 100.0000000000001% right Hagar. It's horrible.

Quote:
Probably the man whose job it is to protect his citizens, like, say, the president or the premier...  Go figure! Roll Eyes Tongue


That is NOT protection! That is extravegancy! Roll Eyes Grin

It's just too d:omn big!
 

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Reply #14 - Sep 7th, 2005 at 3:40pm

-sam-   Offline
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I agree Nuclear Weapons are one of the most terrible
things mankind ever created. And for shure
I do not see anything romantic in nuclear testing !

But I also think itīs a very
complex thematic you cannot simple answer with good or bad. I think itīs all about "man does what man can do"
Nuclear Energy is not a special formula or some secret
receipe. Itīs like electricity, itīs allready there. It just needs to be used.
(There was an interresting experiment conducted by the US called "The Nth Country Experiment"
to test how easy it is to build a bomb.. take a look on google)
And as usual man uses it in good and bad ways.
It is our nature to always go on, discover new things...
beeing better than another one.. competition.
So no matter what would have been done to prevent
the creation of a nuclear bomb.. Earlier or later someone
would just have build one. And that guy would be able
to dictate whatever he wants.

So I find the way (the history) how mankind discovered and dealt with the bomb very interresting. It could have
been much worse ! I think the cold war only was a cold
one because nuclear weapons existed. Without nuclear
weapons Iīm a 100% shure a World War 3 would allready have taken place .. and it would have been much worse than
anything we can imagine. But nukes were that scarry not even dangerous man like
Stalin or Khrushev were willing to use them. Thank god Hitler
didnīt build them !! Of course one can now say
a nuclear world war 3 would have been even worse
than a ww3 without nukes. True.. but the difference is..
a nuclear ww3 has never taken place just because
nukes existed. Somehow mankind showed that it has not
(yet) the last will to destroy itself. (somehow I get the
feeling that some minds changed since that time)
At the moment a full scale nuclear war is fortunately very
unlikely. At least not in a way like during the cold war times. But the danger is still present and will never again
leave cause now that we discovered nuclear energy
there is no way back !

I also think the nuclear testing era somehow was.. strange. Just think
about that.. both parties were verbally "fighting" each
other.. and to show whoīs got "the bigger one" they went back home (Nevada, Semipalatinsk) and bombed
themselfes with the most deadly weapon man every created. somehow... ironic.

Those people that died
through nuclear testing (approximated 6-10000 US Citizens just from the nevada testing aftermath) were the victims of the cold war (wich of course doesnīt make it better). Friendly fire rate was at 100% at that war.
And itīs necessary and important to rember those
time, those victims, and those events from the cold war
(we really should call it a war).
People like Hagarīs old friends sister, nuclear veterans,
scientists and all the other people that were involved.
A lot of shocking, dangerous, unnecessary things happend during these tests. But I think Iīll make
an extra topic, soon.

But here a little list to show the dimensions of these tests

USA (1039 Events)
Soviet Union (718 Events)
France (198 Events)
China (45 Events)
Great Britain (45 Events)
India(3 Events)
Pakistan (2 Events)
Unknown (1 Event) (The Vela incident, speculations range from israel to south afrika.. or even both together)

http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/bsv/nuclear_explosions-closed.html





 

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Reply #15 - Sep 7th, 2005 at 4:29pm

Hagar   Offline
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Very interesting thoughts Sam. I agree that once something has been discovered or invented there's no way to uninvent it. It's also quite likely that nuclear weapons played a very big part in preventing WWIII athough we came pretty close to a full nuclear war more than once. During this period (1960s) the trend seemed to be towards bigger & better versions of the basic weapon with other countries wanting to join the club with their own independent nuclear ability. The tests had already been done by others so what was the point of continually repeating them? That was what I couldn't understand then & now, 40 years later.

As you said, there was a lot of sabre-rattling with both sides trying to beat the other. The old 'mine's bigger than yours' schoolboy boast. What I find hard to take is that supposedly responsible politicians & scientists on all sides were acting just like schoolboys & prepared to destroy the planet we all live on just to prove a point. This is no exaggeration as there was a theory that a big enough explosion could start a chain reaction which would do just that. The point is that they simply didn't know but were prepared to risk it anyway. They had no idea of the effects their experiments would have on themselves or others, many of them completely innocent people living 1,000s of miles away, either as a direct result of their experiments or the more frightening long-term effect on the environment & the food we eat. It's quite likely that we're all still suffering from that terrible legacy. I would like to think that they learned their lesson but I'm not convinced of that.
 

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Reply #16 - Sep 8th, 2005 at 2:46am

Scorpiоn   Offline
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Quote:
Sweet!
I remember in a science comp we had to calculate its maximum yield or something...got it right, but neverthe less, I want one of them!
They should've tried it out on a country that was pissing them off, or didnt count...like Manchuria Tongue
A.

Sure, China's breadbasket doesn't count. Tongue

Quote:
That is NOT protection! That is extravegancy!

That's not extravagancy.  It's man not doing his job and being an idiot.

Quite a tone shift for one post as well.
 

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Reply #17 - Sep 8th, 2005 at 2:47am
Flt.Lt.Andrew   Ex Member

 
I can tell you where all this started.
Over Poland.
If Russia wasnt such a little gimp when it was negotiating over the Curzon Line, then Britain and America wouldn't have had deteriorating relations with the Ruskis.
Nuclear science is a beautiful thing, but not as 100 megatons of yield coming down on your head.


A.
 
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Reply #18 - Sep 8th, 2005 at 2:54am

Scorpiоn   Offline
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Capitalist and communist nations were at ends long before any single event of World War II (much less during post-conflict negotiations).  The white and red armies of the Russian Revolution come to mind.
 

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Reply #19 - Sep 8th, 2005 at 5:00am

Bombardier101   Offline
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Quote:
That's not extravagancy.  It's man not doing his job and being an idiot.


True Wink
 

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Reply #20 - Sep 8th, 2005 at 11:56pm

H   Offline
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Quote:
...It's man not doing his job and being an idiot.
That's because he's confused his job with what he foolishly has made a hobby.
The USAF had a slogan: "Peace is Our Profession"
Someone rewrote: "Peace is Our Profession -- War is Just Our Hobby"
 
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Reply #21 - Sep 9th, 2005 at 11:16pm

Scorpiоn   Offline
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Quote:
Someone rewrote: "Peace is Our Profession -- War is Just Our Hobby"

This is almost akin to calling the Vietnam veterans baby killers.  More than likely, those actually doing the bombing would have little to no say about carrying out a strike.
 

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Reply #22 - Sep 10th, 2005 at 2:37am

Hagar   Offline
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Quote:
More than likely, those actually doing the bombing would have little to no say about carrying out a strike.

No doubt about it. This applies to the armed services of all nations. RAF Bomber Command in WWII is a good example.
 

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Reply #23 - Sep 10th, 2005 at 4:32am

H   Offline
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Quote:
This is almost akin to calling the Vietnam veterans baby killers.
The one who wrote it is a Vietnam War veteran.
 
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Reply #24 - Sep 13th, 2005 at 3:17pm

dcunning30   Offline
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Quote:
The one who wrote it is a Vietnam War veteran.


I can understand both of your points of view.  It depends on the perspective of the author.  The Vet who wrote that could have written it tongue-in-cheek, as in occupational humor, or it could have been written by an anti-military activist to disparage the military.  It could go either way, depending on the author.
 

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Reply #25 - Sep 13th, 2005 at 5:06pm
Heretic   Ex Member

 
Beautiful, that bomb!
 
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Reply #26 - Sep 14th, 2005 at 5:46am

H   Offline
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Quote:
I can understand both of your points of view.  It depends on the perspective of the author.  The Vet who wrote that could have written it tongue-in-cheek, as in occupational humor, or it could have been written by an anti-military activist to disparage the military.  It could go either way, depending on the author.
I'm quite certain it was a " tongue-in-cheek" intent  Roll Eyes.
 
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Reply #27 - Sep 14th, 2005 at 6:01am

Hagar   Offline
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Sardonic humour is common in all military services. It's the same with any group of people that continually work under stress. This is often misunderstood by academics, most of whom have never been in that situation themselves. I suspect this causes a lot of suspicion & accusations that in most cases are completely unfounded.
 

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Reply #28 - Sep 14th, 2005 at 1:52pm

dcunning30   Offline
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Quote:
I'm quite certain it was a " tongue-in-cheek" intent  Roll Eyes.


That's what I assume as well, but when you have some Viet Nam vets calling the war "the biggest nothing in history" and accusing military personnel of behaving like Gengis Kahn, you can't just assume anything anymore.
 

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Reply #29 - Sep 15th, 2005 at 1:15am

H   Offline
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Quote:
That's what I assume as well, but when you have some Viet Nam vets calling the war "the biggest nothing in history" and accusing military personnel of behaving like Gengis Kahn, you can't just assume anything anymore.
Unfortunately, that's always true.
 
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