When the Dread Pirate started this thread he wanted to know about "intertheater matchups...a Spitfire and a Zero".  Well, in actuality, that premise isn't as farfetched as it sounds.  While we tend to associate the Spitfire with their valiant stand over the British Isles during the Battle of Britian and epic fighter sweeps across the channel, the Spitfire saw action in almost every front of World War 2.  So combat between Spitfires and Japanese aircraft weren't very "intertheater"......

  Spitfires vs. Ki-43s and Ki-44s:  In the Far East (Burma) a "period of relative calm ended on February 6, 1944 when Japanese troops launched a major offensive in the Arakan area.  The attackers used the well-tried tactic of infiltrating forces through the jungle to get behind the Allied positions, thus severing their supply routes and forcing the Allied troops to pull back.  But this time a new counter tactic would be used."  Relying on the new Spitfire (Mk. VIIIs) to establish air superiority over the battle area, the cut off Allied troops at Sinzweya were ordered to stand firm, "they would be supplies from the air by C-47s and C-46s until they could be relieved."
  Three Spitfire VIII units, No.67, No.81 and No.152 moved to the forward airfield at Ramu, close to the Indian-Burmese border.  "The arrival of these units changed the air situation completely.  The Spitfire Mk. V had been about equal in performance to the best Japanese fighter in the theater, the Nakajima Ki-44 'Tojo'.  However, the Spitfire Mk. VIII had a speed advantage of 40 mph over the Ki-44, and 90 mph over the more numerous Nakajima Ki-43 II 'Oscar'.  The Spitfires inflicted such heavy losses on the JAAF that after a few days the latter ceased operations over the battle area, and the airlift proceeded unhindered."

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I have no idea. This was the first I'd heard of the incident. From what I can make out it's referred to in "The Last Battle" by Cornelius Ryan. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684803291?v=glance
There is also a limited edition print available entitled "Duel in the Sun". http://www.historicaviation.com/historicaviation/product_info.po;jsessionid=hQ09...
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Apparently they did more than force the Storch down. They landed & took the crew prisoner. There would be no room for extra passengers in the L-4 so I can only assume there were Allied forces nearby.

I've been told it's on pp.310-312 of Cornelius Ryan's "The Last Battle" (photo page 190). I don't have the book & haven't read it.

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There were pilots that flew almost every type of airplane - allied and axis - and wrote the results of their tests, but specific matchups ... ??

I guess the "best" arbiter these days of this type of discussion would be the programmed performance in the massively multiplayer online games, like Warbirds and Aces High, where the developers have programmed "realistic" performance into their models.

My take on the 109 vs Corsair would be that it would depend on the model (a late 109K would eat up an F4U-1, where an F4U-4 could overpower an Me109E).  I think it would be a relatively even match, with one type's weaknesses offset by its strengths.  Ultimately, it would depend on the pilot and the circumstances -  Catch an F4U-1D low and slow, with no E, and even a slower Ki-43 Hayausa/Oscar will plink it to death!

If you consider that the later 109s were more or less even with the Mustangs in dogfighting capabilities, you can look to the 1968 "Soccer War" between Honduras and El Salvador for the last great air combats between the classic piston engined fighters.