Open the aircraft.cfg of the aircraft you want to enable this effect in and add the following line above the description entry near the top:

visual_damage=1

Bear in mind that this will only work if the aircraft has damage textures included. Most, but not all of the default aircraft do, but it's fairly rare in add-ons.

The file is named Aircraft.cfg. There's one in the parent folder of all FS aircraft. If you can't see the file extensions in Windows Explorer may I suggest changing your folder options. http://www.simviation.com/lair/windows.htm