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Calculations, Autoflight, and Fuel Frenzy (Read 936 times)
Jan 9th, 2010 at 3:42am

Aiden327   Offline
Colonel
Hello!

Posts: 100
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Well for Christmas, I used some of my money to purchase a Captain Sim 757. I have been reading about it for a year, and the 757 has become the ideal plane for me for short flights, balance of new and old, almost completed simulated, and a challange.

I don't know if anyone is able to help me with all these problems, but the captainsim forum is full of complaints and most of the answers are "you did it wrong" or "download this random spreadsheet to solve your problems" so I thought I woud ask here before I post thier. Its kinda nice to not have the thread spammed by people saying its a bug in the software and they don't actually want to learn to fly the plane  Tongue.

Sofar I have done 5 successful takeoff's, 3 Aborted takeoffs, two Visual landings and two 1 engine landings. The numbers don't add up and here is why...

I will start with the easiest problem. The FMC "requires" the aircraft center of gravity. Nasa's equations is beyond calculus. All the calculators I find online, need the reference bars and reference bar length as well as the the aircraft dimensions. This is beyond my knowledge as its supposed to be done for the pilot on the load sheet. The first few numbers I entered off forum were 75% and 125% which I now know are flat out wrong. This is becuase the the acceptable range is 9% to 36%. Those takeoffs resulted in aircraft failure to rotate and me flicking on the evac alarms and securing the aircraft with 1 wheel of the runway. I enter 24% as its on the middle of my charts but It still maybe causing problems. My weight is in range and my fuel is planned for a 200nm alternate and 1 hour of holding etc. But the wrong CG is affecting the aircraft cost value for incorrect speeds in the FMC.

Problem two is kinda a big deal, for whatever reason I cannot get altitude hold, VNAV, or VS to work  Huh. I have followed the checklists and the FMC says preflight is complete, but I am stuck flying altitude my self. Also LNAV works perfectly following my flight plan, but heading hold does not work  Shocked.

Auto flight is a big deal in this case becuase the route I fly is 2 hours long, and the checklist calls for LNAV at 400ft, and VNAV at 1000ft. As well as auto throttle after manually reaching 80 N1 during takeoff.

Now the last problem is the most serious. After about 5 minutes of reaching the cruise flight level the right engine hydraulics pump fail, followed by the right engine center electric pump and the right engine electric hydraulic pumps. Wich is followed by the upper right, right engine fuel pump. Wich you probably can guess causes the right engine to fail. Its difficult to secure the engine with no altitude hold as I have a joystic an not a yoke(joystick is on my right, with left hand on it and right hand on mouse......). I get the job done and am able to find the nearest airpot and land. But this is really bugging me as I followed the 36 page checklist step by step after a 15minute preflight and fuel calculations

The fuel maybe related to the center tanks emptying at cruise, as that's supposed to happen, but I get no warning that its time to turn the pumps off and the FMC still shows fuel in the center tanks.

If anybody may have this plane, or knows what I am doing wrong with the fuel etc. I will appreciate any answer. I am exhausted of 20min preflight and fuel calculations so I finally made my own load sheet and I fly the same route with the same exact cargo load, but I still need CG and other stuff.

I have been using this sight, as a external resource. The quize mode is great, but doesn't cover my problems....

http://www.artietheairplane.com/main.html

and I found a user made checklist with fuel planning and trim refrences in the back if you need to see what I am talking about.

Here - http://www.carstenrau.de/diverses/ivao/Checklist_B757_CaptainSim.pdf

and here is the original, its number 3 http://www.captainsim.com/products/x757/manuals.html

the second manual has really good info but its huge and I haven't been able to read the whole things....

Thanks  Smiley,

Aiden



 
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Reply #1 - Jan 9th, 2010 at 7:02am

BSW727   Offline
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The performance data is incomplete. There is not enough information provided to know where the %MAC is to set the units of trim.

Captain Sim strikes AGAIN!  Cry
 
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Reply #2 - Jan 10th, 2010 at 6:10pm

Aiden327   Offline
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Hello!

Posts: 100
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If you enter a CG value it does display takeoff trim. 24 works fine but I wish I could fine tune it to match.

I had a right engine fail for no reason when increasing power after pushback. I wonder if I binded a key or something that is messing with it. Might me my mixture on the rotary. Hmm......
 
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Reply #3 - Jan 10th, 2010 at 8:25pm

BSW727   Offline
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How do you know if that CG value is any good?
 
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Reply #4 - Jan 11th, 2010 at 4:36pm

Aiden327   Offline
Colonel
Hello!

Posts: 100
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That is my point  Wink. I use the value displayed on the cruise page wich is 24 - 27. However The takeoff value should be different, I just do not know how to calculate takeoff.

I also have good news! I solved the autoflight problem.

First thing I should have remebered, is its a 3 axis autopilot, not the one MSFS uses. And its quite literal. My first problem is I needed to select the center IRS channel, and set the command on to Center. I also needed to set the FMC to left or right and not auto.

The literal part, is ALT Hold holds the CURRENT alttitude! Same as for heading.  Shocked. The way it works is if you are using verticle speed or VNAV, the number entered in alt hold is where it stops at. Verticle Speed engages and uses SPD hold (and sets correct value) and VNAV uses the climb/decent profiles in the FMC for speed.

More advanced, EGT holds the current max EGT value set buy the thrust refference. FLCH is used when there is no flight profile, IE. End of flight plan, landing, to change altitude based on the value in SPD hold.

LNAV follows route, and to hold a specific heading you right click and push in the rotary.

The main reason is my force feedback stick I found in the basement would never center so I switched to my old one.

For the engines, they just stopped failing, so I must be doing something right.

Now my I will go read up on calculating fuel costs, My last flight only burned 40% of the center tank, and 25% of the left and right tanks  Huh
 
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Reply #5 - Jan 12th, 2010 at 7:40pm

BSW727   Offline
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Inside a Boeing 727

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"I will start with the easiest problem. The FMC "requires" the aircraft center of gravity. Nasa's equations is beyond calculus. All the calculators I find online, need the reference bars and reference bar length as well as the the aircraft dimensions. This is beyond my knowledge as its supposed to be done for the pilot on the load sheet"

This is why the data CS provides is incomplete. Because it is a model, the coding should include the percent of mean aerodynamic chord depending on how you load the aircraft. It's nearly impossible to calculate %MAC without knowing which station aft of the datum plane it's calculated from, the arm and moment length, and weight distribution.

The numbers CS provides are meaningless. It's a crapshoot for whatever you dial in for a trim unit, and that will again vary with a TO flap setting and ambient air temp.

Try this: The 757 and 727 are nearly the same size, and the 757 has a few thousand pounds on the 727. At a takeoff weight of, say, 170,000 lbs roll in 5.8 units of trim and use a V1/VR of 135 KIAS and a V2 of 143 KIAS at 15° flaps or whatever is closest on the 757.

The 757 won't have the aft loading the 727 does because of the tail mounted engines, but the center of lift on the 727 is farther aft as well.

Try that example and see what happens and get back to us. I'm curious.
 
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Reply #6 - Jan 30th, 2010 at 4:01pm

Aiden327   Offline
Colonel
Hello!

Posts: 100
*****
 
My gross weight with cargo was 175.1 so I entered that, 15 degrees of flaps. In order to move on, I had to put in a CG value so I noticed on the ref page it had 27 for cruise CG so I copied that to the takeoff CG and it gave me my speeds. V1 is 128, VR 134, and V2 was about 147. So it very close to what you have. Takeoff trim was around 4.48 as well.

I have found a website that can produce a load sheet and fuel sheet for a 757 (still no cg value) and this is the flight I fly now.

I fly a real route I found on flight aware with flightplan. Its UPS 7472 from KDCA to KIND. I put in the info and it spits out this.

Code:
[FUELPLAN˛] [Contact] Freeware CRJ Fuel Planner
=====================================================================
Washington to Indianapolis // B752  // 432.8 NM
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Departing : Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (KDCA)
Arriving  : Indianapolis International Airport (KIND)
Equipment : Boeing 757-200
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Description            Fuel (lbs)  Fuel (lbs)              Hours:Mins
---------------------  ----------  ----------  ---------  -----------
Estimated Fuel Usage:..............     11631  <- EFU ->        01:26
Reserves
 Holding                     4046
 Diversion                   6068
 Contingency                 1087
 Total reserves:...................     11201  <- RSV ->        01:23
                                   ----------              ----------
Fuel On Board:.....................     22832  <- FOB ->        02:49

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule: FAR Domestic | Basis: time | Load Factor: 75.9830
---------------------------------------------------------------------
L O A D S H E E T          CHECKED       APPROVED                EDNO
                                                                57844
ALL WEIGHTS IN LBS

DATABASE NOV/09 // BOEING 757-200

FROM/TO        FLIGHT     A/C-REG     VERSION   CREW   DATE     TIME
KDCA/KIND      5237       ##BZX       09N2      2/03   30JAN10  1251

                         WEIGHT  DISTRIBUTION
LOAD IN COMPARTMENTS     004000   B133/30
PASSENGER/CABIN BAG      027690   Y142/195
                                            EFU.11631/  RSV.11201
TOTAL TRAFFIC LOAD       031690
DRY OPERATING WEIGHT     115000
ZERO FUEL WEIGHT ACTUAL  146690    MAX 184000
TAKE OFF FUEL            022832       
TAKE OFF WEIGHT ACTUAL   137832    MAX 255000
TRIP FUEL                011631
LANDING WEIGHT ACTUAL    126201    MAX 199231*
                                   +--------------------------------+
                                   | LAST MINUTE CHANGES            |
                                   | DEST   SPEC  CL/CPT  + - WEIGHT|
                                   |                                |
                                   |                                |
                                   +--------------------------------+
UNDERLOAD BEFORE LMC     117167                 LMC TOTAL + -
---------------------------------------------------------------------
SI LF 0.7598 -------------------------- BLK 01:26 RSV 01:23 TTE 02:49
SI VREF30.104 VREF25.106 VREF20.115
END LOADSHEET          [ B752 ]        [ KDCA-KIND ]      [ 30JAN10 ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
FUELPLAN˛ is copyright 2008-2009 by Garen Evans and AeroTexas.com
---------------------------------------------------------------------

 



Now, the zero weight of the Captain sim 757 freighter is slightly different so I adjusted the gross weight put everything else on that sheet is perfect.

The only thing missing is a correct CG value, but it doesn't seem to be effecting anything and making the aircraft unsafe as long as I use the cruise CG value. Would it be possible to use the data from the real 757-200PF to find the CG? The captain sim is extremely close to the real thing, with the exception of the zero fuel weight difference.

Aiden

 
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