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Power reduction/Shock Cooling (Read 755 times)
Nov 18
th
, 2009 at 8:47pm
snippyfsxer
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Colonel
Posts: 404
I frequently run into the rule of thumb that says you shouldn't reduce your MAP more than 3 inches per minute during the descent (cowl flaps closed) to avoid shock cooling. Is this mostly applicable to the old radial engines? If you are flying a modern GA aircraft how much attention do you need to pay to this? In FSX, I've been flying the Beech Duke; how should I manage the power coming down from cruise? What about a PA-28? I'm not a real world pilot and most of the planes in FS don't care, so I've always been curious about this!
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Reply #1 -
Nov 19
th
, 2009 at 1:48pm
Ivan
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No, I'm NOT Russian, I
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CalClassic prop + panel combo might have implemented this but i haven't tested that.
The Yak-18T can only overheat
Russian planes:
IL-76 (all standard length ones)
,
Tu-154 and Il-62
,
Tu-134
and
An-24RV
&&&&AI flightplans and repaints can be found
here
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Reply #2 -
Nov 19
th
, 2009 at 5:29pm
Brett_Henderson
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Modern metallurgy, has made this less of a problem.. and since airplanes for hire have mandatory rebuild times that expire before much damage can show up.. some people even ignore it altogether.
Talk to an AP guy though.. he'll tell you that there are reasons that some engines use more oil than others.. and that cracked cylinders aren't just random events.
A well thought out descent accomodates gradual power reduction (
I shoot for 1" per minute
) without any inconveniences.
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Reply #3 -
Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 9:28am
Fozzer
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An elderly FS 2004 addict!
Hereford. England. EGBS.
Posts: 24861
...maybe its just funny-old me...
...but in all my Flight Sims I automatically apply Carburettor Heat and/or close the Engine Cowls BEFORE I drastically reduce power, or close the throttle for a landing, to avoid shock-cooling my engine(s) and/or generating Carburettor Ice.
Its something which I now do without even thinking about it, on all my Air Cooled Piston Engines.
Its engrained in my list of; "Important things to do (before I die!)" pasted on the Panel in front of me...
...!
Its just one of those dangers which I am always seem to be aware of!...
...!
Paul...G-BPLF...
Dell Dimension 5000 BTX Tower. Win7 Home Edition, 32 Bit. Intel Pentium 4, dual 2.8 GHz. 2.5GB RAM, nVidia GF 9500GT 1GB. SATA 500GB + 80GB. Philips 17" LCD Monitor. Micronet ADSL Modem only. Saitek Cyborg Evo Force. FS 2004 + FSX. Briggs and Stratton Petrol Lawn Mower...Motor Bikes. Gas Cooker... and lots of musical instruments!.... ...!
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Reply #4 -
Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 9:57am
Brett_Henderson
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EVERY OUTER MARKER SHOULD
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Yeah.. my personal rule:
If you touch the throttle, you touch the carb-heat, and cowl-flaps too.. even if it's just to touch them and be reminded that they might also need adjusted
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Reply #5 -
Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 10:45pm
snippyfsxer
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Posts: 404
Brett_Henderson wrote
on Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 9:57am:
Yeah.. my personal rule:
If you touch the throttle, you touch the carb-heat, and cowl-flaps too.. even if it's just to touch them and be reminded that they might also need adjusted
Ok, aside from icing, what is the signifigance of your carb air temp? I'm thinking of a plane with intercoolers.. Do you get less horsepower if it is too low or detonations if it is too high...sorry, spending too much time with that darned accu-sim, even though in R/L I couldn't even LOCATE the carbureter in an old car!
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Reply #6 -
Nov 21
st
, 2009 at 5:17am
Fozzer
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An elderly FS 2004 addict!
Hereford. England. EGBS.
Posts: 24861
snippyfsxer wrote
on Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 10:45pm:
Brett_Henderson wrote
on Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 9:57am:
Yeah.. my personal rule:
If you touch the throttle, you touch the carb-heat, and cowl-flaps too.. even if it's just to touch them and be reminded that they might also need adjusted
Ok, aside from icing, what is the significance of your carb air temp? I'm thinking of a plane with inter-coolers.. Do you get less horsepower if it is too low or detonations if it is too high...sorry, spending too much time with that darned accu-sim, even though in R/L I couldn't even LOCATE the carburettor in an old car!
Applying Carburettor Heat, as well as preventing Icing in the Carburettor body, also heats the incoming air to the cylinders and therefore reduces the power available from the engine.
...which is why, after applying Carburettor Heat just prior to landing, it must be cancelled just before touch-down, in case a full-power "go-around" is required at the last minute!
Paul....G-BPLF....and Piston Engines!....
...!
Effects of Carb Icing
Dell Dimension 5000 BTX Tower. Win7 Home Edition, 32 Bit. Intel Pentium 4, dual 2.8 GHz. 2.5GB RAM, nVidia GF 9500GT 1GB. SATA 500GB + 80GB. Philips 17" LCD Monitor. Micronet ADSL Modem only. Saitek Cyborg Evo Force. FS 2004 + FSX. Briggs and Stratton Petrol Lawn Mower...Motor Bikes. Gas Cooker... and lots of musical instruments!.... ...!
Yamaha MO6,MM6,DX7,DX11,DX21,DX100,MK100,EMT10,PSR400,PSS780,Roland GW-8L v2,TR505,Casio MT-205,Korg CX3v2 dual manual,+ Leslie 760,M-Audio Prokeys88,KeyRig,Cubase,Keyfax4,Guitars,Orchestral,Baroque,Renaissance,Medieval Instruments.
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Reply #7 -
Nov 21
st
, 2009 at 9:40am
Brett_Henderson
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EVERY OUTER MARKER SHOULD
BE AN NDB
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In many cases, carb-heat also means by-passing the air-filter.. so there's the risk of ingesting debris.
I have the AccuSimm B377.. It has very complex intake management.. You have to control whether or not forced-air is even used.. then you control the forced air directed to the inter-coolers
(they're used to reduce the heat from turbo/super-charging) (the B377 has both)
.. and of course the carb-heat.
Modern turbo-charged GA engines mated to carbs are almost unheard of. And if there are inter-coolers, you don't normally have controll over how much outside air they avail... it's all a "black box". You manage the whole deal by airspeed and manifold-pressure.
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Reply #8 -
Nov 21
st
, 2009 at 7:39pm
snippyfsxer
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Posts: 404
Thanks for the great explanations, guys. I've been looking for the Carb Heat lever on the Beech Duke, but that explains it!
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Reply #9 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 8:08am
BSW727
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Fozzer wrote
on Nov 21
st
, 2009 at 5:17am:
snippyfsxer wrote
on Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 10:45pm:
Brett_Henderson wrote
on Nov 20
th
, 2009 at 9:57am:
Yeah.. my personal rule:
If you touch the throttle, you touch the carb-heat, and cowl-flaps too.. even if it's just to touch them and be reminded that they might also need adjusted
Ok, aside from icing, what is the significance of your carb air temp? I'm thinking of a plane with inter-coolers.. Do you get less horsepower if it is too low or detonations if it is too high...sorry, spending too much time with that darned accu-sim, even though in R/L I couldn't even LOCATE the carburettor in an old car!
Applying Carburettor Heat, as well as preventing Icing in the Carburettor body, also heats the incoming air to the cylinders and therefore reduces the power available from the engine.
...which is why, after applying Carburettor Heat just prior to landing, it must be cancelled just before touch-down, in case a full-power "go-around" is required at the last minute!
Paul....G-BPLF....and Piston Engines!....
...!
Effects of Carb Icing
We were all taught; Full power, carb-heat IN, flaps UP, in the Cessna series and the Mooney.
We didn't touch the carb-heat until either after landing or the above go-around or missed procedure.
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Reply #10 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 8:40am
Brett_Henderson
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EVERY OUTER MARKER SHOULD
BE AN NDB
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I was taught to cancel carb-heat on short final.. If you've had it applied since intitial, landing power-reduction.. no ice will form during that last 1/4 mile.. and having that extra 200RPM for go-around power, can make the difference between climbing out, and slamming into the runway..
Also.. don't retract the flaps until you're out of ground-effect and at Vy.
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Reply #11 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 9:20am
BSW727
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They didn't want us touching it on short final because after the increase in RPM from pushing it in, you then have to make a power, and or pitch adjustment to maintain the rate of descent.
You still have plenty of power in reserve with the carb heat out for a go-around. You're only holding around 1300 to 1600 RPM for the descent depending on conditions.
Different syllabusses and instructors will have different procedures I guess.
Tough to climb at 67KIAS at 30 flaps.
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Reply #12 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 10:18am
Brett_Henderson
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Yeah.. different techniques ..
Though I'd much rather adjust my approach for a little extra RPMs.. than compromise my aborted landing by even more RPMs.
Quote:
Tough to climb at 67KIAS at 30 flaps.
It is ? That will give you the most altitude over distance.. and if you decide while in ground-effect, to go around.. and pull those flaps up while still in ground-effect, and under Vy (78kias).. you're landing, like it or not
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Reply #13 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 4:59pm
DaveSims
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Brett_Henderson wrote
on Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 10:18am:
Yeah.. different techniques ..
Though I'd much rather adjust my approach for a little extra RPMs.. than compromise my aborted landing by even more RPMs.
Quote:
Tough to climb at 67KIAS at 30 flaps.
It is ? That will give you the most altitude over distance.. and if you decide while in ground-effect, to go around.. and pull those flaps up while still in ground-effect, and under Vy (78kias).. you're landing, like it or not
Think thats tough, try doing it with 40 degrees in an older 150 with an "aged" engine. Little experience I picked up while a student pilot on a solo.
I have always been taught, by multiple instructors, to leave the carb heat on all the way down. If you have to go around, the 1/2 second it takes to push the carb heat knob in isn't going to cost you much, and the aircraft will still fly with the carb heat on. On Piper aircraft (Cherokees and Archers), I've been taught to just test the carb heat before entering the pattern, then leave it off. The explanation I have received from multiple instructors, A&Ps, and a flight examiner is that the carb on these Pipers is surrounded by the oil pan, from which the warmth will prevent carb ice 99% of the time.
As for retracting flaps, I've been taught to retract the first knotch of flaps immediately, the next notch once a postive rate of climb is established, and the last notch once Vy is maintained.
Dave
www.flymcw.com
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Reply #14 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 5:56pm
Brett_Henderson
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There are arguments for either technique.. except I think that we're talking about different "go-arounds".
I always considered a decision to abort a landing before in ground-effect, as nothing more than a transition from descent to climb. You're still well above stall-speed, and still well above the ground. There's nothing urgent or critical about it.
Now, the
critical
go-around is where decisions and timing mean the difference between airplanes (an occupants), getting damaged. Imagine a wind-gust as you're flaring.. it's best to NOT have to worry about carb-heat then, and that extra 200RPM can make the difference between re-establishing a climb, and slamming into the runway... and if you retract flaps before out of ground-effect, and at Vy.. it aint gonna be pretty.
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Reply #15 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 6:06pm
Brett_Henderson
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EVERY OUTER MARKER SHOULD
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Next time you're in a C172, try this...
Establish level slow-flight, 30-degrees of flaps, at flaring speed.. Then.. apply full throttle and retract even just on notch of flaps, and watch the altimeter. Then imagine you were 10 feet above the runway when that happened.. and throw in the loss of lift from the transition out of ground-effect..
(you'll be cancelling carb-heat on short final after that
)
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Reply #16 -
Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 6:39pm
DaveSims
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Brett_Henderson wrote
on Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 6:06pm:
Next time you're in a C172, try this...
Establish level slow-flight, 30-degrees of flaps, at flaring speed.. Then.. apply full throttle and retract even just on notch of flaps, and watch the altimeter. Then imagine you were 10 feet above the runway when that happened.. and throw in the loss of lift from the transition out of ground-effect..
(you'll be cancelling carb-heat on short final after that
)
Unfortunately I don't have access to any Cessnas and my current airport, and am forced to fly Pipers.
Which means no carb heat on final anyway.
Dave
www.flymcw.com
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Nov 22
nd
, 2009 at 8:21pm
BSW727
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Truth be told, I don't ever remember having to perform a go-around that close to the ground to be in ground effect. IIRC, that's a half-wingspan or about 18'. I don't even remember practising those.
Most of the go-arounds at KCPS and other local (and some not so local) airports were at least 50' or higher called by the tower controller or myself. A miss was at least 200' or better depending on the approach.
I don't disagree with your loss of lift at slow speed, but I should have corrected myself as the flaps were brought up a notch at a time and not UP as I wrote earlier.
I do remember flying the aircraft in ground effect down the runway aways before landing it. The hangar and turnoffs were way down from the approach end of 30L on a 7500' runway. Gotta watch that Hobbs.
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