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Slow Flight in FSX (Read 1736 times)
Jul 6th, 2009 at 10:56pm

®avang   Ex Member

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   I was up in a C172 the other day working on slow flight and flying on the very back of the power curve with my instructor and I could get the ASI to stand on 0 knts without stalling the aircraft. This was not because we were doing 0 knts, but because of the high nose pitch and of the angle of the air hitting the pitot tube. However, when I try this in the C172 in FSX I can get to 40 knts but if the ASI drops under 40 knts the aircraft stalls. My question is, can you fly on the backside of the power curve in FSX, or is the aircraft.cfg written to stall under 40 knts indicated? Or was I just pitching up way to high because of the lack of 'pressure' you get on the controls in a real aircraft?
(I have the airspeed set to display indicated speed, instead of true.)

Also can you flying in slow flight (in the sim) with the stall horn sounding like you can a real aircraft (because in the real 172 the horn starts sounding around 5-10 knts above stall speed)?
 
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Reply #1 - Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:14pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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It's been a long time since I flew a C172.. and even longer since I've practiced stalls  (good reminder to do that next flight)...

I think you better have that airspeed indicator and pitot tube inspected Cheesy   Even if a C172  had enough power to hang on its prop, the wings are still stalled at stall speed. The pitot tube and wing see very similar AoAs.. in fact, airspeed might as well BE your AoA..

ANYway..  the FSX C172 replicates slow flight pretty darn well (in a C172).. however, stalls (especially spins), are not represented well..  but the stalls are close enough for practice.

As for flying on the backside of the curve..  it's tricky in FSX, because the flight model ties elevator trim into it all, in ways that work well in the normal envelope, but it falls apart at the edges..

 
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Reply #2 - Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:41pm

®avang   Ex Member

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   Thanks, I thought the flight dynamics where a little funny outside of the the 'normal' flight range. As for getting 0 knts indicated, I'm not sure how that happened. All I did was, full flaps, slow to 55 knts, full power to maintain level flight, slowly pitch up higher, and the airspeed indicator unwinds like crazy, the stall horn sounds, and balance the pitch enough so the airframe buffets, but doesn't fully stall.

I'll ask my instructor about it next lesson. Maybe it was magic... Tongue
 
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Reply #3 - Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:45pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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You  CAN get zero ground-speed (even negative ground-speed), doing slow flight into a good headwind.. Been there, done that  Cool
 
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Reply #4 - Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:53pm

®avang   Ex Member

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Brett_Henderson wrote on Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:45pm:
You CAN get zero ground-speed (even negative ground-speed), doing slow flight into a good headwind.. Been there, done that  Cool


I know all about that, a C150 with full fuel, hot day, strong headwind and a overweight flight instructor.

"...985GH turning base to final for runway 6...number two behind the kite..."  Grin


Sorry about that I meant groundspeed not airspeed. I guess this is what happens when you post late at night. Tongue Lips Sealed
 
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Reply #5 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 9:12am

RitterKreuz   Offline
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crank your winds aloft in the weather control panel up to about 40 knots...

then try slow flight into the wind, you should be able to get nearly zero ground speed.

the higher you set the wind speed the slower your ground speed will be during slow flight (assuming you fly into the wind) as brett said... you could even go backwards.
 
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Reply #6 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 4:24pm

®avang   Ex Member

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I asked my instructor if it was possible to get 0 knts on ASI in slow flight, he said you can. What will happen in very slow flight is the area of low pressure under the wing begins to move forward and above the wing, and the low pressure flowing forward and above the wing will stuck air out of the pitot tube instead of the ram air going in. He said it is the same principal the stall warning horn works on.
 
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Reply #7 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 7:56pm

DaveSims   Offline
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Brett_Henderson wrote on Jul 6th, 2009 at 11:14pm:
It's been a long time since I flew a C172.. and even longer since I've practiced stalls  (good reminder to do that next flight)...

I think you better have that airspeed indicator and pitot tube inspected Cheesy   Even if a C172  had enough power to hang on its prop, the wings are still stalled at stall speed. The pitot tube and wing see very similar AoAs.. in fact, airspeed might as well BE your AoA..

ANYway..  the FSX C172 replicates slow flight pretty darn well (in a C172).. however, stalls (especially spins), are not represented well..  but the stalls are close enough for practice.

As for flying on the backside of the curve..  it's tricky in FSX, because the flight model ties elevator trim into it all, in ways that work well in the normal envelope, but it falls apart at the edges..



It is possibly to zero the ASI in slow flight, the air entering the pitot tube is no longer directly entering the tube.  This reduced pressure could let the ASI go below its where its readable.  My favorite thing to do in our Cherokee 140 is to slow it way down, get all the flaps out there, and eventually set full aft trim.  With the engine at idle the aircraft will stabilize at about 30-40 kts, in a pre-stall condition and descending around 400 fpm.  Almost as good as a CAPS on the Cirrus.  Wink
 
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Reply #8 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 9:32pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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Ravang wrote on Jul 8th, 2009 at 4:24pm:
I asked my instructor if it was possible to get 0 knts on ASI in slow flight, he said you can. What will happen in very slow flight is the area of low pressure under the wing begins to move forward and above the wing, and the low pressure flowing forward and above the wing will stuck air out of the pitot tube instead of the ram air going in. He said it is the same principal the stall warning horn works on.


I like these discussions, but I'm gonna circumvent the hair-splitting. I've taken a C172 in and out of slow flight enough to know that by the time the condition you've described happens (I've yet to see it)... you've long-since stalled.  .. unless it happens for a brief period during an abruptly entered, stall..(continued in my next post).

**also.. (per your original post).. older ASIs simply stop responding accurately below 40 knots.. so your experince is possible ... it's a shortcoming in the equipment (why I suggested an inspection), not because of the AoA.
« Last Edit: Jul 8th, 2009 at 11:07pm by Brett_Henderson »  
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Reply #9 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 9:49pm

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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Quote:
It is possibly to zero the ASI in slow flight, the air entering the pitot tube is no longer directly entering the tube.  This reduced pressure could let the ASI go below its where its readable.  My favorite thing to do in our Cherokee 140 is to slow it way down, get all the flaps out there, and eventually set full aft trim.  With the engine at idle the aircraft will stabilize at about 30-40 kts, in a pre-stall condition and descending around 400 fpm.  Almost as good as a CAPS on the Cirrus.  


The "airspeed no longer entering the pitot tube directly", is the AoA thing. You've stalled long before the pitot tube pressure gets below what the ASI can read. (see previous post)

"Slow flight" by purpose and definition; is the act of nearing MCA. The condition you've described is past that. That's kinda like a "stabilzed stall" You aren't in control. You're just along for the ride, and would have to recover from that condition, before being able to make deliberate changes to heading, vertical speed or altitude. And I'm quite certain it's not a condition that could be maintained. A Cherokee at idle and 30-40kias is gonna be coming down faster than 400fpm. Even during a controlled, UNDER POWER approach with full flaps, you'd be descending quicker than 400fpm at 50kias
« Last Edit: Jul 8th, 2009 at 11:05pm by Brett_Henderson »  
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Reply #10 - Jul 8th, 2009 at 11:24pm

®avang   Ex Member

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Brett_Henderson wrote on Jul 8th, 2009 at 9:32pm:
**also.. (per your original post).. older ASIs simply stop responding accurately below 40 knots.. so your experince is possible ... it's a shortcoming in the equipment (why I suggested an inspection), not because of the AoA.

I think you hit it on the head with the older ASI stuff. The aircraft is a 1981 model Skyhawk so it probably still has the original ASI. But common sense will tell you, 0 knts in controllable flight is not possible in a Skyhawk.

I may have fudged up my instructors definition of how it happens, because his nerdy definition involved a lot of math problems, aerospace engineering terms, graphs, charts, and what looked like nuclear launch codes to me.... Tongue

So he was talking about airflow dynamics over an airfoil and pressure dynamics, or a tuna sandwich... Grin

I'm a very visual person, I can show you what I'm talking about, but I can't describe it worth a dang. If you show me I'll get it, if you write it, well, I'll think your talking about sandwiches. Sorry about all the hair you've pulled out during this thread...
 
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Reply #11 - Jul 9th, 2009 at 7:32am

Brett_Henderson   Offline
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Oh lordy.. no hair pulled (honest).. I love these discussions.. I could sit around a hangar and talk this stuff all day. It's how we learn.

I found a couple images.. and modified them to show the pitot tube location.

...

The pitot tube sees pretty much what the wing sees. Extreme pressure displacements reaching the pitot tube, just don't happen (exept for abruptly entered stalls). C172s and Warriors don't have enough HP to stay airborne at AoAs that would cause that. And even jets don't.... all they can really do, is make it all happen at higher airspeeds. But they can put wings into AoAs where wing-mounted pitot tubes are not a good idea.. that (among other reasons), is why you'll see most high performance aircraft with fusealage mounted pitot tubes.
 
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Reply #12 - Jul 9th, 2009 at 11:28am

olderndirt   Offline
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Cover that airspeed and fly the same maneuvers.  Feel that Skyhawk start to give up and when the yoke's all the way back and the throttle's firewalled, be thankful for your altitude.  It may not spin but it'll be descending like a brick.  For a more vivid experience, put two people in the back.
 

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Reply #13 - Jul 9th, 2009 at 9:15pm

DaveSims   Offline
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Brett_Henderson wrote on Jul 8th, 2009 at 9:49pm:
Quote:
It is possibly to zero the ASI in slow flight, the air entering the pitot tube is no longer directly entering the tube.  This reduced pressure could let the ASI go below its where its readable.  My favorite thing to do in our Cherokee 140 is to slow it way down, get all the flaps out there, and eventually set full aft trim.  With the engine at idle the aircraft will stabilize at about 30-40 kts, in a pre-stall condition and descending around 400 fpm.  Almost as good as a CAPS on the Cirrus.  


The "airspeed no longer entering the pitot tube directly", is the AoA thing. You've stalled long before the pitot tube pressure gets below what the ASI can read. (see previous post)

"Slow flight" by purpose and definition; is the act of nearing MCA. The condition you've described is past that. That's kinda like a "stabilzed stall" You aren't in control. You're just along for the ride, and would have to recover from that condition, before being able to make deliberate changes to heading, vertical speed or altitude. And I'm quite certain it's not a condition that could be maintained. A Cherokee at idle and 30-40kias is gonna be coming down faster than 400fpm. Even during a controlled, UNDER POWER approach with full flaps, you'd be descending quicker than 400fpm at 50kias


Perhaps the VSI was not working accurately in that condition.  Wink  To get out of that condition, simply relieving the back pressure or adding power would fly it out of it.
 
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Reply #14 - Jul 11th, 2009 at 12:18am

olderndirt   Offline
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A Cherokee 140, that no good flat spinning piece of s##t.  You couldn't go out and do anything slightly funny unless the CG was way forward and there was only X (I forget) gallons in each tank.  Part of my CFI ride was spin demonstration in a PA28/140 and the FAA guy said he'd observe from the ground.  Smart - it never really spun but he was happy.
 

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