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Hypoxia (Read 445 times)
Jan 9
th
, 2005 at 9:04pm
Rocket_Bird
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Colonel
Canada
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Posts: 1214
I was just wondering. I know mostly unpressurized aircraft wouldnt fly above 10,000 ft, but what is about the maximum altitude that you can fly without needing supplimental oxygen?
Cheers,
RB
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Reply #1 -
Jan 9
th
, 2005 at 11:05pm
JerryO
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Colonel
Victoria Concordia Crescit!
Finland
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Posts: 45
Well, itīs hard to say, 10 000, maybe 15 000 feet - but I wouldnīt want to be the guinea-pig when that is tested.
A Finnish WWII Curtiss Hawk-pilot told this story on the virtualpilots.fi history-pages: he woke up in his plane at 10 000 feet, flying (controlled) towards east, the enemy-territory. He had no idea about the whole situation - why was he there? What had happened, etc? When he tried to reach the radio-tangent to get some information about the whole thing he just didnīt have the strenght to move his hand those five inches needed.
He finally got back to his senses and made it safely back to the base, and to his astonishment he found out that there had been five other pilots flying with him and none of them had noticed anything peculiar in his doings. In their eyes he had done everything just right.
Anyway, an investigation was set out and things started to clear up: their mission had been to escort a Bristol Blenheim on a reconnaissance-flight, and he was supposed to climb up to 21 000 feet.
He put on his oxygen-mask at the required altitude, but at some 18 000+ feet he started to feel bad and when he reached 21 000 feet he saw a reflection of his swollen face from the panel. He felt really sick by now and figured that if he nods off for a little while, everything will turn out allright - and that was the last thing he could remember before waking up at 10 000 feet. In between those moments he had been unconcious for about half an hour - and still flying just right.
The investigators found out right away that his oxygen-mask was defective, so the reason of the incidence was easily solved. But when the pilot became an MD after the war, he really started to wonder what made him survive that day - as he had learned that he had really gone over the limit of what a man can take, by far. In his experience a pilotīs hypoxia meant ending up in a steep dive, regaining conciousness at a low altitude, but too late - and BANG, end of story. Heīs still wondering, and so am I. But maybe we arenīt supposed to know everything.
Jerry
Once upon a time there was a wheel tapper called Fred...&&&&And he tapped all the wheels on all the trains that came into the station...&&&&And they changed five hundred and twentyseven wheels...&&&&And then they found out - his hammer was cracked!
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Reply #2 -
Jan 10
th
, 2005 at 2:35am
eno
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Why you shouldn't light
your farts!!
Derbyshire UK
Posts: 7802
With proper acclimatisation its possible to climb Everest without oxygen. However the symptoms of altitude sickness can begin round about 5000ft. The Deathzone begins at around 17,000ft at this point there isn't enough oxygen to sustain human life properly and the body begins to die slowly.
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Reply #3 -
Jan 10
th
, 2005 at 8:32am
Hagar
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Colonel
My Spitfire Girl
Costa Geriatrica
Posts: 33159
Interesting. I raised this question once before when I heard accounts of WWI pilots in combat at anything up to 20,000 feet, in open cockpits & presumably without oxygen. I can't remember what the general opinion was now but I'm sure this would be possible. Assuming the aircraft were capable of operating at that altitude I imagine the rate of climb would be slow enough to allow the pilot to become acclimatised. I can't see that the energy required to fly an aircraft could be compared with climbing Everest (which as Eno points out has been done without oxygen) - although this might be different in combat. It might also be different with modern aircraft with a much higher performance & rate of clmb.
I'm currently reading "Spitfire into Battle" by Group Captain W.G.G Duncan Smiith DSO DFC * (WWII fighter pilot & father of Iain, the former Tory party leader). I copied this from a chapter on training in the Miles Master I at Ansty aerodrome in Warwickshire before converting onto the Spitfire. This would have been some time in 1940 during the BoB.
Quote:
My first altitude flight took place on a clear day with large banks of cumulus clouds over the Welsh mountains. By the time I reached 16,500 ft (without oxygen this was the limiting altitude) .......
*PS.
http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0719554845/ref=pd_sim_b_dp_5/202-720268...
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Reply #4 -
Jan 11
th
, 2005 at 9:14pm
Boss_BlueAngels
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I fly airplanes upside
down for fun.
Snohomish
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If you fly over 12,500 feet for more than 30 minutes you are requred to have suplimental oxygen as flight crew.
Having undergone high altitude training recently, I lasted about 7 minutes at 25,000 before I had to use the mask. (one of the safety officers in the "chamber" actually had to tap me on the shoulder and help put it on. Apperantly they were talking to me trying to get my attention for about 2 minutes) Although, my time of useful conciousness was only about 4 at the most. After the 4 minutes I had no idea what I was doing.
The day is always better when you're flying upside down.&&&&
www.fight2flyphoto.com&&&&Canon
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Reply #5 -
Jan 11
th
, 2005 at 9:39pm
JerryO
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Colonel
Victoria Concordia Crescit!
Finland
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Posts: 45
Quote:
I raised this question once before when I heard accounts of WWI pilots in combat at anything up to 20,000 feet, in open cockpits & presumably without oxygen.
I did some research on WWI airplanes and found out that quite a few of them could fly up to 20 000 feet, and even higher. The best British plane in that sense was the Airco D.H.4, itīs ceiling was 23 500 feet. In the final months of the war the Germans presented the Siemens-Schuckert D.IV. It had a four-blade propeller, and it could reach 26 000 feet in just 20 minutes. And there were others too - on both sides.
Now, Iīd say we have a mild contradiction in our hands. Hypoxia is a fact: above that 17 000 feet death-zone even a sherpa canīt survive for long. For an average-Joe, I believe his remaining lifetime can be measured in minutes.
So, during WWI, why on earth would somebody build an aircraft that could reach an altitude at which itīs pilot would just start to feel nauseous and then die? Or go unconcious and crash. What would have been the use? How could the manufacturers claim those numbers unless somebody had actually reached those altitudes - flying those planes - and landed safely to tell the results?
Well, my guess is: those who could, did fly at about 20 000 feet and plus when it was required, and they also did fight aerial combats at those heights sometimes. So Hagar is quite right. Because they did wear oxygen-masks. I mean, if the Zeppelin-crews used them while bombing London, then why not the real pilots, too? They had them in WWI already:
http://members.tripod.com/wcoventry0/id29.htm
Jerry
Once upon a time there was a wheel tapper called Fred...&&&&And he tapped all the wheels on all the trains that came into the station...&&&&And they changed five hundred and twentyseven wheels...&&&&And then they found out - his hammer was cracked!
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Reply #6 -
Jan 13
th
, 2005 at 10:17am
Poseidon
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Athens, Hellas
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Quote:
With proper acclimatisation its possible to climb Everest without oxygen.
I don't think this is correct. Someone can survive on top of Everest without an oxygene mask but not climb . In fact soemone can feel quite well while sitting but most probably would be unable even to stand up.
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Reply #7 -
Jan 13
th
, 2005 at 11:14am
Hagar
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Colonel
My Spitfire Girl
Costa Geriatrica
Posts: 33159
Quote:
I don't think this is correct. Someone can survive on top of Everest without an oxygene mask but not climb . In fact soemone can feel quite well while sitting but most probably would be unable even to stand up.
Read this.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/history/firstwoo2.html
It's been done several times since.
Quote:
Sometime between 1 and 2 in the afternoon on May 8, 1978, Messner and Habeler achieved what was believed to be impossible -- the first ascent of Mt. Everest without oxygen.
Messner and Habeler's success puzzled the medical community, and caused a re-evaluation of high-altitude physiology. Messner would return to Mt. Everest in 1980 to successfully complete a solo ascent -- again without supplemental oxygen.
Quote:
Italy's Reinhold Messner has climbed Everest twice without oxygen, once in four days.
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Reply #8 -
Jan 21
st
, 2005 at 2:21pm
flightmedic
Ex Member
Quote:
If you fly over 12,500 feet for more than 30 minutes you are requred to have suplimental oxygen as flight crew.
Having undergone high altitude training recently, I lasted about 7 minutes at 25,000 before I had to use the mask. (one of the safety officers in the "chamber" actually had to tap me on the shoulder and help put it on. Apperantly they were talking to me trying to get my attention for about 2 minutes) Although, my time of useful conciousness was only about 4 at the most. After the 4 minutes I had no idea what I was doing.
This is very interesting. By that I mean the different Laws that countries have. I am presuming that you are American? I am in Canada ( for the time being.....we are moving to Wisconsin) and our CAR's say that we cannot fly over 10,000ft without supplemental O2. Being a Paramedic, I can tell you that the effects of Hypoxia vary with the tollerences and compositions of each individual. I think that these hights are just "guidlines" for the governments to be "safe" so to speak. I do know that while performing some joint training with another country while in our SSF our HALO jumps from as low as 15,000 ft needed O2 equiptment.
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Reply #9 -
Jan 21
st
, 2005 at 2:48pm
Hagar
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Colonel
My Spitfire Girl
Costa Geriatrica
Posts: 33159
I'm sure that these limits are only guidelines & might vary depending on the country, time & situation. I think 10,000 feet is the general limit for civil aviation nowadays. Not sure about the military. It might be the same or higher & this might well be raised in wartime. The quote in my earlier reply is from a reliable source & it clearly states that 16,500 feet was the limit for RAF pilots & aircrew in 1940, the early days of WWII. I have no idea whether this was changed as the war progressed. The limit in WWI, if there was one, would have been much higher as not so much was known about the effects of hypoxia at the time. I suspect that not too many aircraft of the period could operate at the altitudes we're discussing so an altitude limit on the pilots might not have been necessary.
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Reply #10 -
Jan 21
st
, 2005 at 3:57pm
flightmedic
Ex Member
Very good points there Hagar. 16.5 !!! in a SPIT
......
......Ok...where do I stop drooling....... 8)
I'm sure you hit the nail with the fact that not much was known back then about Hypoxia. It just seems funny how low the regs are to be safe nowa days
Hmmm..........I wonder.....if possibly some of those "unkown" air loses from all sides was perhaps in some way affected by Hypoxia.
Now all we need is a time machine so we could fine out for ourselves...
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Reply #11 -
Jan 22
nd
, 2005 at 2:52am
Boss_BlueAngels
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I fly airplanes upside
down for fun.
Snohomish
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Posts: 696
Well, not only do the effects of high altitude flying vary with individuals, but it also depends upon exposure (ie 30 minute rule) for a single flight, and whether someone has physiologically adapted to the lower pressure. I have spoken with many pilots who have experienced hypoxia at 8,000 and 9000 feet. And they were perfectly healthy people... now add in the people who smoke (which can give an additional 8,000 feet to one's physiological altitude) and its naturally insideous onset and you've got one really scarry problem on your hands. That is, if you're not aware of the risks. To which I recommend EVERY civilian pilot do whatever they can to take the ground portion of high-altitude training. It WILL save your life.
And yes, what I mentioned are US regs. Also, for ANY portion of a flight above 14,000 feet all required flight crew must use supplimental oxygen.
The day is always better when you're flying upside down.&&&&
www.fight2flyphoto.com&&&&Canon
RebelXT&&Canon 18-55mm&&Sigma 10-20mm F/4-6.3&&Sigma 100-300mm F/4-6.3&&Sigma 50-500mm F/4-6.3
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Reply #12 -
Jan 22
nd
, 2005 at 7:12am
Homer Simpson
Ex Member
Forza Lazio!!
Gender:
16,000ft as this man found out:
(1982, California) Larry Walters of Los Angeles is one of the few to contend for the Darwin Awards and live to tell the tale. "I have fulfilled my 20-year dream," said Walters, a former truck driver for a company that makes TV commercials. "I'm staying on the ground. I've proved the thing works."
Larry's boyhood dream was to fly. But fates conspired to keep him from his dream. He joined the Air Force, but his poor eyesight disqualified him from the job of pilot. After he was discharged from the military, he sat in his backyard watching jets fly overhead.
He hatched his weather balloon scheme while sitting outside in his "extremely comfortable" Sears lawnchair. He purchased 45 weather balloons from an Army-Navy surplus store, tied them to his tethered lawnchair dubbed the Inspiration I, and filled the 4' diameter balloons with helium. Then he strapped himself into his lawnchair with some sandwiches, Miller Lite, and a pellet gun. He figured he would pop a few of the many balloons when it was time to descend.
Larry's plan was to sever the anchor and lazily float up to a height of about 30 feet above his back yard, where he would enjoy a few hours of flight before coming back down. But things didn't work out quite as Larry planned.
When his friends cut the cord anchoring the lawnchair to his Jeep, he did not float lazily up to 30 feet. Instead, he streaked into the LA sky as if shot from a cannon, pulled by the lift of 42 helium balloons holding 33 cubic feet of helium each. He didn't level off at 100 feet, nor did he level off at 1000 feet. After climbing and climbing, he leveled off at 16,000 feet.
At that height he felt he couldn't risk shooting any of the balloons, lest he unbalance the load and really find himself in trouble. So he stayed there, drifting cold and frightened with his beer and sandwiches, for more than 14 hours. He crossed the primary approach corridor of LAX, where Trans World Airlines and Delta Airlines pilots radioed in reports of the strange sight.
Eventually he gathered the nerve to shoot a few balloons, and slowly descended. The hanging tethers tangled and caught in a power line, blacking out a Long Beach neighborhood for 20 minutes. Larry climbed to safety, where he was arrested by waiting members of the LAPD. As he was led away in handcuffs, a reporter dispatched to cover the daring rescue asked him why he had done it. Larry replied nonchalantly, "A man can't just sit around."
The Federal Aviation Administration was not amused. Safety Inspector Neal Savoy said, "We know he broke some part of the Federal Aviation Act, and as soon as we decide which part it is, a charge will be filed."
cheers,
ashar 8)
&&
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