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P51 is P40's baby!! (Read 1015 times)
Aug 29
th
, 2004 at 1:50am
Professor Brensec
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I recall some discussion months ago about the way in which the P51 came about as a 'replacement' for the then 'overcommitted' Curtiss plants.
Just quickly, the British, who were looking for P40's to supplement their Fighters were told that Curtiss could not make any more than were already being made. They were sent to North American to see if they could make the P40 under license (something done by almost everyone and involving almost every American aircraft during WWII).
North American said they could design a better fighter than the P40 and in 'record' time.
Looking at the prototype, which was produced in 102 days, I (and most) can see the obvious P40 influence in the design. Also the 'belly scoop' was a known Curtiss design.
Here is an excerpt about this particular 'speedy design feat':
Quote:
Curtiss had been ordered to turn over its design studies and other pertinent information on the XP-46. This included the radiator scoop originally intended for installation under the fuselage of the P-40. This scoop, which provided cooling air for glycol and oil cooling, was also to have a hot air exit ramp which would create thrust that more than offset the drag caused by the frontal cross-section for the scoop. Though never fitted operationally to the P-40, it held promise and was one of the features incorporated in the design of the NA-73. Just how much the data from Curtiss was used is subject to debate. Curtiss engineers state that it was almost total, while those at North American claim that little of the information was used. The truth is probably somewhere between these two extremes. Clearly, the NA-73 had a lot in common with the XP-46, and a rational analysis would indicate that the NA-73 could not have been engineered in such a short period of time without considerable use of the Curtiss data. But equally as clear is the original thinking added by the North American design team. Among the most important changes was the addition of the laminar flow wing.
The P40 (although it held the line till the other fighters arrived), may not have been a 'great performer', but it gave birth to one!!!!
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Reply #1 -
Sep 6
th
, 2004 at 7:37pm
Rifleman
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You're gonna make me do some research here on this one Bren.....I thought the P-51 came along in 117 days ?.....I also have the Squadron Signal productions of " In Action " for both models, the 40 and 51 , so its time for me to start digging them up.....I gotta get to the bottom of this one now...... ??? ???
Well after a bit of looking on the net first, I find
this
bit of info here on the NA-73 prototype, including a 117 day statement which I have known about for years......
Next I'm digging into my personal archives........
Final outcome and ideas were the best thing to occur in those war years, as we all benefit from the advances in aviation which this A/C brought to us all........
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Reply #2 -
Sep 6
th
, 2004 at 7:57pm
Hagar
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I seem to remember discussing this at length in a previous thread. The designer of the P-51 always denied seeing the belly scoop data & it had several basic differences to the Curtiss design which made it successful. All designers worth their salt are aware of the latest work of their competitors & no doubt indirectly influenced by many things. This is not so much a direct copy, it's the way anything progresses. This is even more obvious now computers are involved. There's not a great deal of difference between vehicles designed for the same purpose by any of the major car manufacturers. Where one leads the others follow the trend. Whatever the truth of the matter, the P-51 turned out to be far superior to any variant of the P-40. Being a new design the P-51 was capable of future development while the P-40 was the last in a line of thoroughbreds, much like the difference between the Hurricane & Spitfire.
I've always thought that the Spitfire owed more to the Heinkel He 70 than the previous Supermarine seaplanes. This takes nothing away from the brilliance of RJ Mitchell. They might look similar but if it was that easy why didn't the Gunter brothers produce a Spitfire?
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Reply #3 -
Sep 6
th
, 2004 at 11:49pm
randombeaner
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While Im at it, heres a picture of the development of the P-51 i found somewhere I cant remember
the P-51 also lead to the development of the F-82
just two aircraft I found on my "Planes" folder
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Reply #4 -
Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 12:07am
Professor Brensec
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Can't you give me a couple
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Agreed all. Everyone is right here (as there is really no 'wrong' in these discussions).
I've seen that pic of the (P82) F82 a number of times. It apparently first flew in 1946. Too late for any WWII service. It was used as a long rang escort fighter for the B29, B36 and B50. It served in Korea I believe, among many other rolls (radar search plane, all-weather night fighter, photo recon etc)) although it was only ever made in very limited numbers compared to the P51.
With the advent of Jet aircraft, it was the last prop fighter ordered by the USAAF.
Personally, I think the extended fuselage (about 5' 8"), detracts alot from the beauty of the P51.
It has much more interesting history all of it's own. It still holds the longest (non-refueled) fighter flight record. Set in 1946 from Hawaii to New York. It was also responsible for the first 'air kill' in Korea (a Yak near Kimpo). The pilot, Lt William Hudson was hence, the first pilot to record a kill for the 'new' USAF.
P.S. I haven't seen this thing on the ground. Was it a 'tail dragger' or 'tricycle' geared plane?? (Although I can't see where a nose wheel could have been put, with the engine still in there??)
As for the 102 and 117 days, Rifle. I bow to superior knowledge. This particular writer did say 102, I'm sure, but with misprints, slip of the pen (or finger etc), it may have been unintentional on his part. Or he may just be a dope!!
.
I'll find the source I used and post it here in a while, after I find it.
Here is the passage:
Quote:
MUSTANG I
On September 9, 1940, only 102 days after the contract had been signed, the NA-73X prototype was rolled out though still waiting for its engine. The new fighter was named Mustang by the British, and the first British version was designated Mustang I. As soon as it was available, the 1,120hp Allison V-171 0-39 powerplant was installed, and engine and taxi tests began. On 26 October, Vance Breese lifted the aircraft off the runway for a maiden flight. Testing continued until Paul Balfour was forced to make a deadstick landing. The NA73X flipped over on its back, and it took six weeks to make repairs and get the aircraft ready to fly again. The first production Mustang I soon joined the repaired prototype in the test program, and shortly other Mustangs were heading for England.
From:
http://www.flightjournal.com/plane_profiles/p-51_mustang/p-51_mustang_history.as...
I'm not saying this is correct. As I said, there are several reasons why this could be an 'unintentional' error.
Nice colour pic of the NA73 (with the "famous" P40 air scoop on the schnoz).
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Reply #5 -
Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 4:28am
Hagar
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Mention of the F-82 leads to the question of whether it was an original idea or based on German research like many other post WWII projects. The Bf 109Z Zwilling (twin) was very similar being two Bf 109 fighters joined together.
The single prototype was badly damaged in an air raid in 1943 & the project was abandoned in 1944 when priority was given to the Me 262.
http://www.luft46.com/mess/me109z.html
This idea had been used successfully before with the He 111Z (also named Zwilling). This was a 5 engined glider tug developed to tow the huge Me 321 transport glider.
http://www.unrealaircraft.com/hybrid/He111Z.php
Aircraft design is influenced by many different ideas & concepts. Even a comparatively simple WWII fighter has 1,000s of different parts & uses various construction methods. Although 2 different types might look very similar there is no reason to suspect that one is a direct copy of another. There are only so many ways of doing some things (like placing a radiator scoop) & they're bound to look similar in some respects. The need to keep up with competitors, especially in wartime, is the main reason for the rapid progression of aircraft design in the 20th century.
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Reply #6 -
Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 7:07am
Professor Brensec
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Can't you give me a couple
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Hagar wrote:
Quote:
Aircraft design is influenced by many different ideas & concepts. Even a comparatively simple WWII fighter has 1,000s of different parts & uses various construction methods. Although 2 different types might look very similar there is no reason to suspect that one is a direct copy of another. There are only so many ways of doing some things (like placing a radiator scoop) & they're bound to look similar in some respects. The need to keep up with competitors, especially in wartime, is the main reason for the rapid progression of aircraft design in the 20th century.
Too true. However, the issue with these two aircraft is not so much the fact that these 'common' developments can be simply a result of 'industry trends' and 'natural progression' in engineering thinking. Rather it has more to do with the fact that Curtiss were 'ordered' to handover their drawings and data on the new 'Fighter' to North American.
This has been confirmed by NA, but they have maintained over the years that they 'conveniently' didn't need to refer to this valuable material to come up with a design which has some very obvious developmental and physical similarities. The fact that they had the material already 'nutted' out for them, can't be denied. It has been too well documented.
Having said this, I'm not meaning to take anything away from the P51. I love the plane, (although I think of myself as more of a P51 purist in that I prefer, in almost every way, the P51B to the D and onwards).
Visability, I think, is the only real drawback in the B/C. And the British 'Malcolm' hood went a long way towards rectifying this.
I have also noticed that, while I'm on the visability subject, the 'new' NA73 has the two 'clear' rear quarter panels in the cockpit. A distinct feature of the P40. This is to me, a very obvious 'copying' of a better feature, which was not seen on previous or current NA planes (maybe???).
Incidentally, back to the original subject, if my dates and caculations are correct, the P51B (which also had the range to take the bombers to Germany), was also available at a time when it has been 'accepted' that there was no viable 'long range escort' for this job.
Is this a fact, or am I thinking the P51B (C/W Merlin) was not available in say........mid 1943
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Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 9:36am
Hagar
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Quote:
it has more to do with the fact that Curtiss were 'ordered' to handover their drawings and data on the new 'Fighter' to North American.
This has been confirmed by NA, but they have maintained over the years that they 'conveniently' didn't need to refer to this valuable material to come up with a design which has some very obvious developmental and physical similarities. The fact that they had the material already 'nutted' out for them, can't be denied. It has been too well documented.
I don't deny the remarkable similarity. It's quite possible the NA designers & engineers used some of the Curtiss research along with all available data as any competent design department would do. There's no point in repeating research that's already been done & proven. What I'm not convinced of is that Curtiss was ordered to turn over its research data to NA alone. It's quite likely that all important research was published for the common good of the US aircraft industry. This is quite common in the UK where research data from the test facility at Farnborough was & is available to any interested party in the aircraft industry.
Curtiss is not alone in having a gripe about this sort of thing. It goes on all the time. Frank Whittle had to turn over the results of his experiments to the US Government & Miles Aircraft was forced to do the same thing with the data on its suddenly cancelled M.52 supersonic project. This was under a reciprocal technical research sharing agreement among the Allies. They got nothing in return as the US had little to give at the time. (Whether the US would have shared its latest top secret research is debatable anyway.) It's no coincidence that the Bell X1 (the first aircraft to break the "sound barrier") has a remarkable resemblance to the M.52. A scale model of the M.52 later did the same which proved the design was "sound" [pun intended].
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Reply #8 -
Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 9:53am
Felix/FFDS
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Quote:
This was under a reciprocal technical research sharing agreement among the Allies. They got nothing in return as the US had little to give at the time. (Whether the US would have shared its latest top secret research is debatable anyway.)
THe US purposely did NOT share its nuclear research (in case the UK "lost" the war.
It's interesting how this was applicable later on when the Japanese were/have been "accused" of copying/using US technology and "improving" upon it (and not merely consumer products). Technology sharing agreements are usually more one-way than a two-way road.
Felix/
FFDS
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Reply #9 -
Sep 7
th
, 2004 at 10:57am
randombeaner
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Here a pic of the gear
its got "quadrical" landing gear
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Reply #10 -
Sep 9
th
, 2004 at 11:32pm
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I'm not sure what the issue here is, but I think we did decide that the Mustang WAS derived from the P-40, although all North American got was the wind tunnel tests for the Curtiss design.
The picture of the side views are from the Squadron pub 'P-51 Mustang in Action' and is available in most hobby shops.
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Reply #11 -
Sep 10
th
, 2004 at 2:14am
Professor Brensec
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Can't you give me a couple
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Hagar,
I think the word 'forced' (when mentioning the handing over of data), is probably a bit strong). As you say, there was probably alot of common knowledge, in so far as the "next logical step' type stuff is concerned.
Although, I can imagine a situation where the Army (or Air Force) may very well say something like:
(In a broad American drawl) - "Well, if you Goddamn guys can't get the Goddamn job Goddamn done, well you better Goddamn well give the Godddamn data that you Goddamn well have, to the NA boys, if you ever want to Goddamn make another Goddamn plane for the Goddamn U.S. Goddamn. A.A.F. ever a-Goddamn-gain"
Or words to that effect.
(Of course, my interpretation of the conversation is intended in the spirit of good humour and with the greatest of affection for our American cousins
)
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