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Leaving the Cockpit open (Read 1968 times)
Jan 29th, 2004 at 10:31am

Wing Nut   Offline
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I always thought they did that on Warbirds because it got too hot or too cramped.  Then I found this in the Spitfire Pilot's notes...

(iii) When the rear fuselage tanks are full the aircraft pitches upon becoming airborne and it is recommended the undercarriage should not be retracted, nor the sliding hood closed, until a height of 100 ft has been reached.

I wondered why they got away with that.  I can understand the gear, but why the canopy?  BTW, why are these British measurements given in standard instead of metric?
 

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Reply #1 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 11:29am

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Quote:
I always thought they did that on Warbirds because it got too hot or too cramped.  Then I found this in the Spitfire Pilot's notes...

(iii) When the rear fuselage tanks are full the aircraft pitches upon becoming airborne and it is recommended the undercarriage should not be retracted, nor the sliding hood closed, until a height of 100 ft has been reached.

I wondered why they got away with that.  I can understand the gear, but why the canopy?  

You don't say which Mark of Spitfire but I assume it's an early one. Plenty of things are done in wartime which wouldn't be acceptable in peacetime or in civil aviation. I haven't seen this reason mentioned before. I always understood the canopy was left open during take-off & landing for improved visibility & to prevent it misting up.

Quote:
BTW, why are these British measurements given in standard instead of metric?

Which measurements are you referring to? I would expect all measurements in a manual for the Spitfire (or any other British aircraft) to be Imperial. Feet is the international standard for altitude still in use today.

Britain has used the Imperial system for centuries & officially "went metric" only recently, within the last 5 years or so. We still use mph & beer is sold in pints. Many industries still use the Imperial system & existing documents would not generally be updated, especially for vintage types. I worked in the aircraft industry for 40 years & all maintenance manuals, drawings & documents I dealt with used Imperial measurements.
 

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Reply #2 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 12:51pm

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Hmmm, sounds like MkII pilots notes to me. As I understand it the problems were various;
aircraft balance with inexperience pilots (remember this was a new plane at the time), led to pogo-ing (good idea to have the undercarriage down!).
fumes, to vent the cockpit fully in case of fumes from spilt fuel (remember electrical switches and petrol fumes don't mix well children Wink Grin Shocked Tongue) So don't flick the switch till you're sure Wink
bowel gases, again to fumigate the cockpit Roll Eyes Grin Grin Grin
And as Hagar says, visibility. If you read Mr. Quills Spitfire A Test Pilots Story, when he actually spends time fighting with a Spitfire Sqn. one of the first things he notices that needed changing was the front side glasses of the canopy to flat rather than curved perspex, as it distorted vision terribly, which on the ground in proximity to lots of other expensive flying toys and their pilots Shocked Shocked Shocked 'nuff said Wink
Think thats everything.....

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Reply #3 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:29pm

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It's from 'Pilot's Notes for Spitfire IX, XI, and XVI' pp 39...  It's one of the items I was telling you about, Mark.
 

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Reply #4 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:37pm

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Didn't I read somewhere that the P-51D had exactly the same problem? The pilots never liked that rear tank & the experienced ones emptied it ASAP - against standing instructions.
 

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Reply #5 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:38pm

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Ahhh, right that is the fumes issue Wink
The electrical UC switch would arc, and you don't want an electrical spark in a nice enviroment of fuel and air now Grin Not unless you want to say goodbye to your eyebrows Shocked
 

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Reply #6 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:43pm

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Hagar with the P-51D it was a CoG issue. It really screwed it up for combat, so pilots used to use that tank first against SOPs so that when they finally got to meet up with the Messerschmidts and Focke-Wulfs their planes handled like fighters not buses Grin

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Reply #7 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:46pm

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Ozzy. I know I've read about a similar fumes problem on a US fighter. If it wasn't the P-51 it might have been the P-40.
 

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Reply #8 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 1:52pm

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I do believe you're right. I haven't heard of fume problems on the 51, but I recall reading something about the 40. The person to ask would of course be our resident P-40 guru Brensec Smiley
 

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Reply #9 - Jan 29th, 2004 at 5:13pm

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Quote:
Ahhh, right that is the fumes issue Wink
The electrical UC switch would arc, and you don't want an electrical spark in a nice enviroment of fuel and air now Grin Not unless you want to say goodbye to your eyebrows Shocked

Is this the Spit or the P-51? I'm not sure the Spitfire had an electric U/C switch. The gear was originally operated by a manual handpump & I assumed this was modified with a selector lever of some sort to operate a valve on the hydraulic system.
 

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Reply #10 - Jan 30th, 2004 at 11:45am

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The 51 I was talking about there Hagar, sorry I should have clarified that one Roll Eyes
I think it was only after the XIV that Spits had the electrical switch, but I'll go and look it up later when I've had a cup of tea Grin
As you stated before that it was hydraulic pump time. I'd have loved to have seen the yoyo effect of trying to do the hand pump. That has to have been funny Grin Grin Grin
 

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Reply #11 - Jan 30th, 2004 at 12:07pm

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Quote:
The 51 I was talking about there Hagar, sorry I should have clarified that one Roll Eyes
I think it was only after the XIV that Spits had the electrical switch, but I'll go and look it up later when I've had a cup of tea Grin

I'm sure all Spitfires had hydraulically operated gear. The pump was engine-driven & simply replaced the original manual handpump. No electrics involved*. AFAIK

Quote:
As you stated before that it was hydraulic pump time. I'd have loved to have seen the yoyo effect of trying to do the hand pump. That has to have been funny Grin Grin Grin

I've seen the yo-yo effect demonstrated by a Nord N.1000 "Pingouin" (Bf 108 Taifun) on the UK display circuit - although obviously in the hands of an experienced pilot.

*PS. There is some sort of electrical cable conduit attached to the undercarriage selector on the Spitfire Mk IX. I can only assume this is connected to a warning or indicator light. When I next get close enough to a Spit I shall make it my business to find out & also take some photos. Wink
http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_avsafety/documents/page/dft_avsafety_5...
« Last Edit: Jan 30th, 2004 at 5:15pm by Hagar »  

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Reply #12 - Jan 31st, 2004 at 6:13pm
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Hagar, did you ever fly a spitfire?
I've been trying desparatly to find somone who has...

Bezz
 
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Reply #13 - Feb 1st, 2004 at 3:37am

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One of our members here got a ride in one as a kid Andrew. I think it might have been Brensec..... Not sure though, I haven't had my morning cup of tea yet, so the braincell isn't up and running!

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Reply #14 - Feb 1st, 2004 at 7:42am

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Quote:
Hagar, did you ever fly a spitfire?
I've been trying desparatly to find somone who has...

Bezz

Unfortunately no - or any other WWII fighter come to that. This is one ambition that doesn't seem likely now. Sad
Brensec did have a flight in a 2-seater some years ago.

PS. There are definitely electrical connections in that Mk IX U/C selector unit. I have no idea what they are for. I shall find out.
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Reply #15 - Feb 1st, 2004 at 7:33pm

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Leaving the canopy open was also a good idea in case of a forced landing....Smiley

In the US Navy, it was standard practice - up until the advent of non-sliding canopies - to leave the canopy open on catapult launches and traps.
 

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Reply #16 - Feb 2nd, 2004 at 4:43pm

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I've been meaning to make this point. In my opinion while taking off and landing i'm gonna want the canopey open incase i come down sooner than expected. This way you can be out quicker. Much quicker if the hatch jams shut.
 

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Reply #17 - Feb 2nd, 2004 at 5:13pm

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Quote:
I've been meaning to make this point. In my opinion while taking off and landing i'm gonna want the canopey open incase i come down sooner than expected. This way you can be out quicker. Much quicker if the hatch jams shut.

Good point. Many BoB pilots were killed or severely burned when the sliding canopy on their Spitfire or Hurricane jammed, trapping them in the cockpit of a burning aircraft. This is what happened to Richard Hillary, one of the first members of the Guinea Pig Club. His experiences are described in his book "The Last Enemy". http://www.historyofmilitary.com/The_Last_Enemy_Classics_of_War_1580800564.html

I believe one of the guys in the photo on this page appeared in the film "Battle of Britain".
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/guinea_pig_club.htm
 

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Reply #18 - Feb 4th, 2004 at 9:56am

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I think it's really all down to the type of aircraft. For example if an aircraft tips over onto its back, is it going to offer more protection open or closed. I can think of two recent accidents where this may have been a factor in pilot safety, the IWM/RAF Museums Bf109G (AM Sir John Allison insisted on the aeroplane being raised to let him out, rather than butchering the fuz), and the fatal Sea Fury accident at Sywell a couple of years back, in which Paul Morgan was killed. The Bf109 definately had the canopy closed, but I do not know if the Sea Fury's was open...

I also seem to remember reading in an article by Andy Sephton (former RR Chief test pilot and Chief Pilot at Old Warden) that the Shuttleworth Spitfire's canopy is always closed before take off (maybe purely because the pilot has too few hands to do all the required tasks in a Spit just after take off:))

Quote:
I believe one of the guys in the photo on this page appeared in the film "Battle of Britain"


One certainly did. Looking at the cast it may have been a man named W G Foxley who played a "Sqn Ldr Evans" in the film. Its in a scene at an ops room with Susannah York I believe. I can't find any confirmation though...

Charlie
 
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Reply #19 - Feb 4th, 2004 at 11:16am

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I think you'll find its the tall gentleman holding the pint glass and standing in the middle of the shot next to the pianist.
Just he doesn't half look like the man I saw in the film earlier today, as it was on Hungarian TV! The odd thing was they only dubbed the English language parts, they subtitled the German Roll Eyes

Ozzy
 

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Reply #20 - Feb 4th, 2004 at 1:35pm

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I was thinking the one second to the right of the pianist...???
 
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Reply #21 - Feb 6th, 2004 at 3:54am

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Quote:
I think it's really all down to the type of aircraft. For example if an aircraft tips over onto its back, is it going to offer more protection open or closed.

I think this would depend on the circumstances & when the aircraft turned over. A thin sheet of perspex would not offer much protection if it slid for any length of runway or even on grass. It really doesn't bear thinking about. I think I would prefer it to be open if possible. I've read of several WWI pilots who survived this type of accident only to break their necks on releasing the harness to get out. This might also have happened during WWII.

Quote:
I can think of two recent accidents where this may have been a factor in pilot safety, the IWM/RAF Museums Bf109G (AM Sir John Allison insisted on the aeroplane being raised to let him out, rather than butchering the fuz), and the fatal Sea Fury accident at Sywell a couple of years back, in which Paul Morgan was killed. The Bf109 definately had the canopy closed, but I do not know if the Sea Fury's was open...

This leads to another point. All versions of the Bf 109 have a side-hinged canopy which would be impossible to open during take-off or landing - or if it turned on its back in the process which many apparently did. I read somewhere that more Bf 109 pilots were kiled in this sort of accident than in combat during WWII. It might have been in "I Flew for the Fuhrer" by Heinz Knoke which is worth reading if you can get hold of it. I always wondered why they didn't modify the Bf 109 with a sliding hood as on the British types. I also thought the same thing about the gull-wing Mercedes sports cars that were popular back in the 50s. There's a modern sports car with the same feature but I forget which.

I could be wrong about the guy in the Guinea Pig Club photo. The chap standing at the left of the piano with his head bandaged reminded me of the one in the film for some reason. It's possible that many of those brave young men looked much the same after having similar surgery. Their spirit after suffering such severe injuries always amazed & impressed me. Sir Archibald McIndoe must have been a very special kind of person.
 

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Reply #22 - Feb 9th, 2004 at 11:33am

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If you are still interested i can ask my grandad about the spit. He worked on them throughout world war 2, so he has a good knowledge about them
 
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