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P40 Two-seater/Trainer? (Read 1723 times)
May 4th, 2003 at 11:54pm

Professor Brensec   Offline
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I came across this during a search I did for a good P40 pic a while ago. I posted it in a previous thread disussing the P40, but no-one in that thread knew much about this particular plane.

Does anyone know where this two-seater is or anything about it. Were there any trainers converted during the War? etc
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Reply #1 - May 5th, 2003 at 12:04am

BFMF   Offline
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I didn't realize there was a 2 seater model
 
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Reply #2 - May 5th, 2003 at 12:11am

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'Tis a trainer. They rarely made two-seaters unless they had to - a trainer had to have two seats. . . . .  Roll Eyes
 

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Reply #3 - May 5th, 2003 at 12:23am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Quote:
'Tis a trainer. They rarely made two-seaters unless they had to - a trainer had to have two seats. . . . .  Roll Eyes


I'm thinking it may have been converted recently (in the last 20-30 years) for joyflights or just privately taking up friends etc. Like that Lady in England that has the Spitfire trainer. She has a two year waiting list for joyflights that cost a fortune.
It would be a great way to make your plane pay for itself.  Grin Grin
 

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Reply #4 - May 5th, 2003 at 1:22am

Rifleman   Offline
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Follow this link, there is mention of two trainer variants

http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/URG/p40warhawk.html
 

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Reply #5 - May 5th, 2003 at 3:34am

Hagar   Offline
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Quote:
I'm thinking it may have been converted recently (in the last 20-30 years) for joyflights or just privately taking up friends etc. Like that Lady in England that has the Spitfire trainer. She has a two year waiting list for joyflights that cost a fortune.
It would be a great way to make your plane pay for itself.  Grin Grin

Interesting. I see from Rifleman's link that there was indeed a 2-seat trainer version of the P-40. Some P-51Ds have also been converted for civil use, mainly for executive work. I'm not sure these would have dual control. The manufacturers converted a limited number as TF-51 2-seat trainers. The Stallion 51 outfit offer flights in their dual controlled TF-51 from their base in Kissimmee, Florida, just down the road from Disney World. http://www.stallion51.com/contact.cfm They now have 3 of these rare aircraft.

Like most existing airworthy 2 - seater Spitfires, Carolyn Grace's ML407 was a standard LF.IXc acquired by the manufacturers after WWII service for conversion to Tr.9 standard. These were sold to the Irish Air Corps in 1950 & served in this role until 1960.
There were apparently some unofficial wartime conversions, mainly carried out in Russia. If any survive they would not conform to the official specifications.
 

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Reply #6 - May 5th, 2003 at 3:58am

Ivan   Offline
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Hagar, LOADS of early IL-2's were converted to two seaters in the war to incorporate a tail gunner.

result: most dangerous job in the russian airforce, because the armor wasn't that good on the rear side as it was on the front side
 

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Reply #7 - May 5th, 2003 at 4:10am

Hagar   Offline
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Thanks Ivan. I'm very interested in all this stuff & did read something about those IL-2s a while ago. I often wonder just how reliable some of this information is. It's great to have confirmation from your part of the world.  Wink
 

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Reply #8 - May 5th, 2003 at 5:28am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Great link, Rifle.

I've seen the Warbirds site before but must have missed that bit. I wonder how many of the trainers they mention were actually built.
In another thread on the forum today, the "Most immortal" thread, I chose the P40 as my vote, for the reasons I mentioned there. I must add the total production of 15,000 which certainly puts it well above many of the popular fighters except the most prolific.

The P51 section in that site makes for interesting reading too.

P.S. They mention the P51C having a 'Bulging' canopy as opposed to the "teardrop" canopy of the P51D. Does anyone have a shot of the "C' with this canopy they mention?

You gotta love this shot, though!  Grin Grin Wink
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Reply #9 - May 5th, 2003 at 10:11am

ozzy72   Offline
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Hi Hagar, I've been looking into the Soviet Spitfires for a little while now, and it appears tragically that no more survive. I do have a few poor quality B&W shots, and some artists impressions, but v.little is known about how the conversions were done (beyond the basic chop), and even less is known about the pilots!

Alas Sad

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Reply #10 - May 5th, 2003 at 10:26am

Rifleman   Offline
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Brensec, here are a few different canopy profiles for you to peruse........not sure how accurate they are, but personally I have seen all these types before, including the "Malcolm" stye on the razorback..........
http://www.flightjournal.com/fj/plane_profiles/p-51_mustang/p-51_mustang_sidevie...

And from this link, I think I can surmise that the bubble-topped razor-back is the B/C model that you have in question............ Quote:
P.S. They mention the P51C having a 'Bulging' canopy as opposed to the "teardrop" canopy of the P51D. Does anyone have a shot of the "C' with this canopy they mention?

http://www.p51.mustangsmustangs.com/p51Production.shtml
 

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Reply #11 - May 5th, 2003 at 9:49pm

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Point of information - the IL-2 initially started out as a single seater, and while some (number unknown?) were converted to two-seaters in the field, the IL-2M was the standard production two seater - with gunner.

Anecdotal sidebar:  ... most gunners supposedly were drawn from convicts, promised their freedom if they survived x number of missions.... but if they were close to completing the number, they woud be transferred. ... apparently IL-2M gunner mortality was high, and IL-2 losses happened when the enemy fighters realized the gunner was dead/incapacitated, because the gun would flop down... a spring mechanism was devised to hold the gun up...

Dedicated dual-control versions of the "Sturmovik" were designated U-Il-2 or Il-2U ...


Of course, totally anecedotal, and I can't even remember where I read the stuff, but...

Quote:
Hagar, LOADS of early IL-2's were converted to two seaters in the war to incorporate a tail gunner.

result: most dangerous job in the russian airforce, because the armor wasn't that good on the rear side as it was on the front side

 

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Reply #12 - May 6th, 2003 at 3:27am

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According to my quick bit of reserch, there are only two two seat P-40's remaining. The only one I can find out anything about is the sole surviving factory built TP-40N-6-CU belonging to Mr. Kermit Weeks. This plane is just coming to the end of a total rebuild, so the one in your photo is most likely the other one. Your aircraft must have had a second seat fitted some time during it's life but I can't find any details just now. I'll keep looking.
 

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Reply #13 - May 7th, 2003 at 6:35am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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I'd be interested to know if it is a "pillion" seat or an "operational" training type seat.

P.S. The lady in England who has the Two-seater Spit, Carolyn Grace. Is hers' merely a "passenger seat" or does it have full controls?  Grin
 

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Reply #14 - May 7th, 2003 at 7:39am

Hagar   Offline
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Quote:
P.S. The lady in England who has the Two-seater Spit, Carolyn Grace. Is hers' merely a "passenger seat" or does it have full controls?  Grin

As I mentioned earlier, the Grace Spitfire is a genuine factory conversion to Tr.9 standard.
It has full dual controls which enabled Carolyn Grace to be trained to fly it after the sad loss of her husband. She is the only fully qualified female Spitfire display pilot in the world & much respected for her exquisite displays. http://www.ml407.co.uk/
 

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Reply #15 - May 8th, 2003 at 3:01am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Thanks for reiterating, Hagar.
How silly I am. Grin

By the way. You say "qualified Spitfire display pilot'.
Obviously this is some kind of qualification to fly at exhibitions and airshows etc, where there is an increase danger of injuring or killing spectators etc.

But say, for instance, if you had a PPL and were fortunate enough to also have a WWII fighter with the HP of the original. Would you be allowed to fly it privately?
Of course, it would be silly to try without some serious instruction and training, but...........would you be allowed, or would you need to be "checked out" in this type of plane first?
 

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Reply #16 - May 8th, 2003 at 5:27am

Hagar   Offline
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Quote:
By the way. You say "qualified Spitfire display pilot'.
Obviously this is some kind of qualification to fly at exhibitions and airshows etc, where there is an increase danger of injuring or killing spectators etc.

But say, for instance, if you had a PPL and were fortunate enough to also have a WWII fighter with the HP of the original. Would you be allowed to fly it privately?
Of course, it would be silly to try without some serious instruction and training, but...........would you be allowed, or would you need to be "checked out" in this type of plane first?

Very good question. In the UK, all display pilots have to pass a strict assessment & possess a display pilot's licence before being allowed to perform in public. This is carried out on an annual basis. I'm not sure on the current regulations but the PPL is restricted to certain categories (ratings), usually single, twin, multi-engine & instrument ratings. I'm not sure if the power or performance of the aircraft is taken into account. The holder of a single-engined PPL would need appropriate instruction before taking the conversion test to a twin-engine rating. Instruction & the rating exam itself can be carried out in either their own or a hired aircraft. The test is carried out by a CAA approved examiner. A powerful high-performance fighter like the Spitfire is obviously a completely different prospect to the single-engined Cessnas & Pipers commonly used by flying clubs. If you're fortunate to own one & possess a valid single-engine rated PPL I suppose it would be legal to fly it without further instruction. This would obviously be very stupid & a conversion course or at least a couple of check flights in a Harvard or one of the 2-seater versions of the actual type would be the best way of doing it. This would depend on the individual pilot's experience. The fact that most vintage fighters are taildraggers is another consideration as these are particularly difficult to handle on the ground & when landing for the average private pilot. A taildragger course on something like a Chipmunk might be necessary before going on to the meaty stuff with those huge engines & props out front.

The fact that there were very few 2-seat trainer versions of operational fighters during WWII was the reason for development of high-performance intermediate trainers like the Harvard & Miles Master. Before these were introduced the typical rookie RAF pilots would go straight from a Tiger Moth or Magister elementary trainer with fixed gear on to the operational types. They were expected to fly a powerful, complex single-seater after a short ground briefing & demonstration of the cockpit.
This was one of the reasons for the high casualty rate among rookie fighter pilots in the BoB.
 

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Reply #17 - May 9th, 2003 at 12:07am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Thanks Mate,
I presumed that it may be "legal" but of course, very stupid without, as I said, some serious instruction and check-out.

You mention the high casualties due to inexperience in high performance craft during the BoB.
I recall, in the movie, a new pilot arrives and Michael Caine's character asks how much "time" he has got, and he answers (something like - not sure of the exact hours) 8 hrs on Hurricane and 3 hrs on Spits. Caine just shakes his head and tells the kid to get into a plane for a lesson. (dakka...dakka...dakka....dakka.......lol Grin)

This seems a ridiculous amount considering his basic training, prior to the Hurri and Spit would have been about 10 hrs.
I know they had to greatly shorten the program but, as you say, many a young pilot probably died because of that necessity.  Embarrassed
 

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Reply #18 - May 9th, 2003 at 12:47am

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There were also a number of "non-standard" two seat conversion carried out in the field. Mostly done on older war-weary airframes they were used as Sqdn hacks.

Perversely, the Sqdn hacks had the best chance of surviving the war and many were converted back to original.
 

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Reply #19 - May 9th, 2003 at 1:21am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Something that I've often wondered, which Silverfox's post has freshened in my mind.

All airframes (far as I know) have a "service life" due to metal fatigue etc.
Once an airframe has reached this point, where fatigue, in the form of micro-cracks and stress points are evident, is there a way of "saving" the airframe or does it have to be replaced in its' entirety?
Can just a "portion" of the frame be replaced?

Bearing all this in mind, how many actual "original WWII" airframes are there still flying, and what kind of testing (X-rays and other methods) are required to ensure that such an "old" frame (which could conceivably have been pushed well past its' limits during dogfights etc, during the War) is not just going to fall apart in the middle of a flight?
 

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Reply #20 - May 9th, 2003 at 1:59am

Hagar   Offline
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I once saw a very interesting TV documentary covering the rebuild of the Grace Spitfire from start to finish. Unfortunately, I don't remember what it was called or if it's available privately. I believe the project took several years to complete, most of the work being done by Nick Grace himself, encouraged by Carolyn. I do remember that they retained as many original parts as possible, only using new materials where absolutely essential or for safety reasons. Every rivet in the airframe had to be carefully replaced with modern types as these were of a magnesium alloy which corrodes over a period of time. When you think about it, these wartime aircraft were only expected to last for comparatively few hours in service. If they were not destroyed in action they would be replaced by improved types on a regular basis. I'm sure the manufacturers never expected to see them still actively flying some 60 years later.

Before I retired, Spitfire restorer Charles Church would visit our company from time to time. I obviously made a point of chatting to him whenever possible. He told me that if I had a genuine manufacturer's ID plate, he could build me a Spitfire to go with it.
 

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Reply #21 - May 9th, 2003 at 2:32am

SilverFox441   Offline
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You can "Zero-time" an airframe if you have the time and money.

It is an extensive procedure that involves basically stripping the plane down to the raw component stage and replacing/rebuilding everything.

Some "authentic" warbirds have been rebuilt from the ID plate stage. They have had over 90% of the compenets replaced in a single rebuild and are still considered authentic due to the original serial number plates. Smiley
 

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Reply #22 - May 9th, 2003 at 7:02am

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INteresting comments - I've been to the Kissimmee Warbird Restoration Museum - where rebuilding/remaking warbirds is their specialty (especially bombers) .. they too, use original components where at all possible and they can be refurbished, but in the case of wrecks, ... a lot is reverse-engineered new build.

As to the "originality" of warbirds today?  I dare say that even the best of the restorations are model Bs... "bitzer here, bitzfromdere..."

Quote:
You can "Zero-time" an airframe if you have the time and money.

It is an extensive procedure that involves basically stripping the plane down to the raw component stage and replacing/rebuilding everything.

Some "authentic" warbirds have been rebuilt from the ID plate stage. They have had over 90% of the compenets replaced in a single rebuild and are still considered authentic due to the original serial number plates. Smiley

 

Felix/FFDS...
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Reply #23 - May 10th, 2003 at 1:56am

Professor Brensec   Offline
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Thanks people.
As I suspected, it seems that the WWII "originals" that are flying today would have very little of their original components still fitted.

I recall a net site that was on the Web a few years ago. It was before my "sortie" into CFS, about 3 or 4 years ago, so even though the love and wonder about WWII aircraft was there, the outlet for these types of discussions and opportunities for learning weren't available to me yet.

It was dedicated to the rebuild and restoration of a Spitfire (Mk V I think, but not sure), being done by two blokes in Melbourne. They had Pics showing progress and a list of parts that they still required. Some of the parts they had on their list were obviously intended to be obtained from wrecks etc that may be laying around somewhere in the world. For instance, I clearly recall the inclusion of "1 off Map case". I think it was either a steel or (maybe) leather case that fitted on the side wall of the cockpit for storage of the pilots maps.

These blokes were obviously looking for the most "original" product they could manage to put together, yet I saw pics of jigs they had made up for the "manufacture and fitment" of some wing gussets (don't know the proper name - the numerous pieces of superstructure that are at right angles to the rails?). A very "original" part of the airframe.

I suppose a line must be drawn at a point where a plane can be considered "original". Yet your strictest "purist" may consider a paint job as an "abomination"......lol Grin
So I suppose someone has drawn that line at the only point at which authentication can be confirmed - the authentic ID plates themselves. Although I can't help think it's kind of cheating..........lol.

Thanks  Grin Wink
 

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Reply #24 - May 10th, 2003 at 6:36pm

Felix/FFDS   Offline
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Look at it this way - how many B-52s flying today are "originals" - are they considered "rebuilds" ??


 

Felix/FFDS...
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Reply #25 - May 11th, 2003 at 12:06am

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I know that at one time the Canadian Warplane Heritage was smelting down the aluminium from hard to replace parts to re-use the metal...they thought it made the plane more "original" if the same exact metal was used in the rebuild...with just enough new added to make up for loses.

Of course, most rebuilders don't have a couple of the largest metals plants on the continent just down the road. Smiley
 

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Reply #26 - May 11th, 2003 at 1:11am
BHOFMX   Ex Member

 
On "wings discovery channel" there
was a program about a fw190 that
was "rebuilt" about 75% replaced.
The pilot that last flew the plane was
still alive , living in Berlin, He came to
Texas to see the plane, It didn't matter
if only one part was orignial, it mattered
that people cared and had done what
they had to do to keep a piece of
history alive

Bhofmx
 
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