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1979 Worst air crash in U.S. history (Read 355 times)
May 25th, 2004 at 10:46am

Felix/FFDS   Offline
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I still remember the photo of the inverted DC-10.  I thought, however, that there had been one survivor, a little baby girl found under the bodies of her parents.  A sad day indeed.


From the History Channel
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May 25, 1979 Worst air crash in U.S. history


On Friday afternoon, Memorial Day weekend, American Airlines Flight 191, a Los Angeles-bound DC-10, takes off at 3:03 p.m. from Chicago-O'Hare International airport with 271 aboard. As Flight 191 raised its nose during the initial stage of the takeoff, an engine under the left wing broke off with its pylon assembly and fell to the runway. The aircraft climbed to about 350 feet above the ground and then began to spin to the left, continuing its leftward roll until the wings were past the vertical position, with the nose pitched down below the horizon. Moments later, the aircraft crashed into an open field about a half-mile from its takeoff point, killing all 271 people aboard and two others in a nearby trailer park. It was the worst domestic air crash in U.S. history.

 

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Reply #1 - May 25th, 2004 at 11:22am

Craig.   Offline
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definatly a sad day in aviation history. The one good thing to come from it was a huge overhaul of the DC10's engine attachments which also showed up many of the same problems, saving many more lives.
 
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Reply #2 - May 25th, 2004 at 11:42am

Hagar   Offline
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Terrible. Your mention of the baby reminds me of an accident with a 727 at Gatwick. http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cvr690105.htm
It came down in the early hours somewhat short of the runway. I believe this was the worst crash in the history of Gatwick & 50 of 65 aboard and 2 on the ground were killed. As bad luck would have it the aircraft crashed on the only house in the area, killing the adult occupants as they slept. Their baby daughter was found crying in her cot among the wreckage without a scratch. That baby girl is now grown up & married to the twin brother of a chap I used to work with.

It might seem stupid but after this incident & several disasters involving the DC-10 I never trusted airliners with 3 engines. Roll Eyes
 

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Reply #3 - May 25th, 2004 at 12:58pm

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personally i try to fly these as much as possible. I am trying to book my trip to the US in june around a flight on Northwests DC10 it will likely be the last time i get to travel on one as october northwest take the DC10 off the route for the A330 Cry
 
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Reply #4 - May 25th, 2004 at 1:16pm

Felix/FFDS   Offline
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Quote:
It might seem stupid but after this incident & several disasters involving the DC-10 I never trusted airliners with 3 engines. Roll Eyes



But if you could cop a rid in a tri-engined Moth, Argosy, or and "Auntie Ju", you'd jump at the chance!
 

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Reply #5 - May 25th, 2004 at 1:31pm

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But if you could cop a rid in a tri-engined Moth, Argosy, or and "Auntie Ju", you'd jump at the chance!

Exactly. Grin

PS. I don't think there was a tri-engined Moth.
 

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Reply #6 - May 25th, 2004 at 1:54pm

ozzy72   Offline
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Pretty scary huh?
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Nope but there is always the Ju-52 Grin
I can remember this, as it was about a week after we moved to San Diego, and there was nothing else on the news, and we had just spent a few weeks in Chicago because of my dads business.

Ozzy Sad
 

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Reply #7 - May 25th, 2004 at 2:05pm

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Nope but there is always the Ju-52 Grin

Fondly known as "Tante Ju" or the "Auntie Ju" Felix mentioned. Wink
 

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Reply #8 - May 25th, 2004 at 2:17pm

ozzy72   Offline
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Oh I thought that was some kind of Spanish joke Embarrassed
Live and learn eh? Grin
 

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Reply #9 - May 25th, 2004 at 2:26pm

Hagar   Offline
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Oh I thought that was some kind of Spanish joke EmbarrassedLive and learn eh? Grin

Never mind. We're all learning more every day. I'm waiting for Felix to correct me on that tri-engined Moth. Roll Eyes Wink
 

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Reply #10 - May 25th, 2004 at 2:49pm

Felix/FFDS   Offline
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Never mind. We're all learning more every day. I'm waiting for Felix to correct me on that tri-engined Moth. Roll Eyes Wink



http://www.airlinepictures.net/photopost/showphoto.php?photo=641

I still call it a Moth - DH.66 Hercules "Moth"
 

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Reply #11 - May 25th, 2004 at 2:56pm

Hagar   Offline
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Quote:
I still call it a Moth - DH.66 Hercules "Moth"

There you go. What did I tell you? Shows what I know. LOL Roll Eyes Cheesy

On another tack. I spotted a stand at Abingdon on the old Handley Page HP 42 airliner. It seems they're planning on building a replica. Same crowd that did the Vickers Vimy. Pity I didn't pick up a leaflet.
 

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Reply #12 - May 25th, 2004 at 3:41pm

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I am familiar with this accident. I can't imagine looking out your window as the aircraft is taking off, as many of do, and watching the engine come lose from the pylon while it flies itself up and over the wing!  Undecided


Friday May 25, 1979, was a pleasant sunny day in Chicago, Illinois. It was the eve of the Memorial Day Weekend and Chicago's O'Hare International Airport was even busier than usual. At the gate, American Airlines flight 191 was preparing to depart to Los Angeles. Flight 191 had been operated by American's DC-10s since they entered service some eight years earlier. The DC-10-10 seated 270 passengers in a mixed class configuration and was very popular with travelers and the company's flight and cabin crew. The aircraft allocated for today's flight was N110AA, delivered to the airline on 02.28.72. It had proven itself an excellent aircraft and had flown nearly 20,000 hours since its delivery.

In command of today's flight was Walter Lux, 53, an extremely experienced pilot who had 22,000 hours to his name and had been flying DC-10s since their introduction to American Airlines. His crew were First Officer James Dillard, 49,  who had almost 10,000 hours ,and Flight Engineer Alfred Udovich, 56,  who had 15,000 hours. A cabin crew of ten attended to the passengers.

At 2.59pm the DC-10 was cleared to taxi to the holding point for runway 32R. At 3.02pm the DC-10 was cleared for take off and at a weight of 379,000 pounds started its take off run. Everything was normal during its run until, 6000 feet down the runway just before rotation, the port engine (No.1) lost power and pieces of the pylon started to fall away from the aircraft. By then, white vapour began to stream from the mounting, which was the fuel spilling from the broken fuel lines.

A few moments later the entire engine and pylon tore itself loose and toppled back over the wing and on to the tarmac behind the aircraft. As the DC-10 lifted off the port wing had dropped slightly but this was soon corrected and the aircraft climbed out steadily seemingly unaffected by the loss of one of its engines .

10 seconds later and at a height of around 300 feet it began to bank to the left. The bank quickly steepened, the nose dropped, and the aircraft started to lose height. Finally the wings went past the vertical and the aircraft was beyond recovery. The port wingtip struck the ground and the aircraft exploded in a mass fireball and disintegrated completely, 90 metres from a huge caravan park that was a few hundred metres from the end of the runway. Two residents of this park were killed in the carnage, along with the 271 on board the aircraft.

... ...

Investigation into the Accident:

Under normal circumstances an aircraft losing an engine would be able to fly on the remaining power plants still functioning, so why was this accident different? When the engine separated, it took a 3 foot section of the wing with, it ripping out vital hydraulic and electric lines in the process. The starboard slats stayed extended but the port slats retracted because of the leaking fluid, causing a stall. The crew was unaware of the retraction due to the fact that the no.1 generator powered the Captain's instrument panel, and thus the slat disagreement system. The stick-shaker had also been disabled.

On recovery of the engine/pylon assembly, it was discovered that there was a 10 inch fracture on the rear bulkhead on the pylon. 8 weeks before the accident, the aircraft went through a major check and the self aligning bearings on the bulkhead to wing attachment joints were changed. Normal procedures would involve removing the engine and pylon from the wing separately, by use of a special cradle to lower the engine, but to save on time, a new idea was adapted using a forklift truck to take the whole assembly off as one unit. This did not prove to be a good idea because of down travel on the forks. When the assembly was being put back on to the wing, a disagreement occurred between the mechanic and the forklift driver, and a sound like a gun shot was heard, which resulted in the flange on the pylon bulkhead fracturing.  Unknown to the mechanics, the aircraft was put back into service with a weakened pylon assembly that seemed to be OK until that fateful afternoon when it failed under normal load conditions.

... ...


Dave  Undecided
 

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Reply #13 - May 26th, 2004 at 8:04am

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I find this part of the investigation report quite frightening. even more so when they were trying new maintenance procedures for the first time. I find it hard to believe that it would be carried out without a senior engineer present or that any responsible engineer/mechanic would let something like this go without reporting it. Shocked

Quote:
8 weeks before the accident, the aircraft went through a major check and the self aligning bearings on the bulkhead to wing attachment joints were changed. Normal procedures would involve removing the engine and pylon from the wing separately, by use of a special cradle to lower the engine, but to save on time, a new idea was adapted using a forklift truck to take the whole assembly off as one unit. This did not prove to be a good idea because of down travel on the forks. When the assembly was being put back on to the wing, a disagreement occurred between the mechanic and the forklift driver, and a sound like a gun shot was heard, which resulted in the flange on the pylon bulkhead fracturing. Unknown to the mechanics, the aircraft was put back into service with a weakened pylon assembly that seemed to be OK until that fateful afternoon when it failed under normal load conditions.
 

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Reply #14 - May 26th, 2004 at 11:04am

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I totally agree Doug!
It is obvious that something snapped, why the noise then? What,... did they just turn their heads the other way and think nothing would happen?
Jeez, somebody should be held ACCOUNTABLE!

Dave
« Last Edit: May 27th, 2004 at 11:30am by Fly2e »  

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Reply #15 - May 26th, 2004 at 11:57am

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Wouldn't 9/11 be considered the worst air crash in U.S. history, at least in terms of fatalities?  Or are we talking single air crashes?

Incidentally, the worst (deadliest) crash in WORLD history took place on March 27, 1977 when a Pan Am 747 slammed head-on into a KLM 747 while they were both headed opposite directions on the same runway, killing 583 people.
 

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Reply #16 - May 26th, 2004 at 12:36pm

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The airline incidents on September 11, 2001 could not be considered "accidents", which is what I believe would be the qualifying characteristic for "worst airplane accident".

 

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Reply #17 - May 26th, 2004 at 12:45pm

Felix/FFDS   Offline
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The worst single-airplane accident was the crash of a Japan Air Lines 747 into a mountainside with 524 souls lost.
 

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Reply #18 - May 26th, 2004 at 2:36pm

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Excellent point Felix. Wink
 

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Reply #19 - May 26th, 2004 at 11:46pm

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Quote:
I totally agree Doug!
It is obvious that something snapped, why the noise then. What did they just turn their heads the other way and think nothing would happen?
Jeez, somebody should be held ACCOUNTABLE!

Dave
In their defense........As a pilot and A&P mechanic. The procedure that they were using was common up until that point on older aircraft. It's called a QEC. I'm guessing that, perhaps, a more senior mechanic who had experience on  older aircraft initiated the procedure on THIS aircraft to try and save time. I would call this thinking acceptable.
When working with engines this large it is not uncommon to hear pops,  creaks and groans during an install, especially when the hoisting/lifting device is removed and the engine first sits on  it's own weight. An engine which weighs several thousand pounds can apply force in all sorts of directions. Mount  bolts sometimes hang up in engine mounts and then "pop" into place. An airframe itself is DESIGNED to flex and weight or force applied to it can cause all sorts of interesting noises during normal maintenance procedures.
This is a case of the press playing monday morning Quarterback. I'm sure that the entire maintenance crew was put under the microscope after the crash. Some watchdog from the press gets a hold of the transcripts and the rest is history.
 

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Reply #20 - May 27th, 2004 at 2:39am

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I appreciate your comments OTTOL. I know only too well how the "media" distort the facts in almost everything they report.  However, from further investigation it seems that both AA & Continental were using these procedures against the advice of the manufacturer. This was not the first similar incident on the aircraft type. This is from the official report,  National Transportation Safety Board Report NTSB-AAR-79-17 (1979). http://www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de/publications/Incidents/DOCS/ComAndRep/OHare/NTSB...
Quote:
The safety board is particularly concerned that because of the limitations of the current reporting system the FAA and key engineering and maintenance personnel at American Airlines were not aware that Continental Airlines had damaged two aft bulkhead flanges on two of its DC-10s until after the accident. In December 1978, after it discovered the first damaged bulkhead, Continental apparently conducted a cursory investigation and determined that the damage resulted from a maintenance error. A repair was designed for the bulkhead and was submitted to McDonnell Douglas for stress analysis approval. The repair was approved and performed, and the aircraft returned to service.

On January 5, 1979, Operational Occurrence Report No. 107901 was published by McDonnell Douglas. The publication contained descriptions of several DC-10 occurrences involving various aircraft systems, personnel injury, and the damage inflicted on the Continental Airlines DC-10. The report described the damage to the upper flange of the Continental aircraft and indicated that it occurred during maintenance procedures used at the time it was damaged. However, the way in which the damage was inflicted was not mentioned. The manufacturer had no authority to investigate air carrier maintenance practices and, therefore, accepted the carrier's evaluation of how the flange was damaged. Since the damage was inflicted during maintenance, 14 CFR 21.3 relieved McDonnell Douglas of any responsibility to report the mishap to the FAA. Although American Airlines was on the distribution list for Operational Occurrence Reports, testimony disclosed that the maintenance and engineering personnel responsible for the pylon maintenance were not aware of the report.

Continental Airlines discovered the damage to the second bulkhead in February 1979. Again the carrier evaluation indicated that the cause of the damage was related to personnel error, and that there was apparently no extensive effort to evaluate the enginepylon assembly removal and reinstallation procedures. The bulkhead was also repaired using the procedure previously approved by McDonnell Douglas.

The carrier did not report the repairs that were made to the two bulkheads to return them to service, and there was no regulatory requirement to do so. What constitutes a major repair may be subject to interpretation, but what is to be reported is not. The bulkheads were not altered; they were repaired. Even had the repairs been classified by the carrier as major, 14 CFR 121.707(b) only requires that a report be prepared and kept available for inspection by a representative of the FAA. Second, the regulation does not indicate that the contents of the required report include a description of the manner in which the damage was inflicted. The regulation and the evidence indicated that the purpose of the reports was to permit the FAA to evaluate the end-product to insure that the basic design of the repaired or altered part had not been changed.

The Mechanical Reliability Reporting criteria of 14 CFR 121.703 requires the certificate holder to report "the occurrence or detection of each failure, malfunction, or defect concerning. . .' and then lists 16 criteria to which these apply. The FAA and apparently the aviation industry have traditionally interpreted 121.703 to apply to only service-related problems, which would therefore exclude reporting-of the flange damage caused by maintenance. In view of this interpretation, the board concludes that there is a serious deficiency in the reporting requirements which should be corrected.

Therefore, the safety board concludes that neither the air carrier nor the manufacturer interpreted the regulation to require further investigation of the damages or to report the damage to the FAA. However, the safety board views the omission of such requirements as a serious deficiency in the regulations.

On mandatory grounding & inspection directly after this incident, 4 more AA & 2 Continental DC-10s were found to have similar damage. This had obviously not been reported or repaired.

None of the parties concerned, the manufacturer, the airlines or the FAA, came out of this too well. What is not clear is whether the report's recommendations were implemented or that procedures were ever changed as a result of this terrible accident.
 

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Reply #21 - May 28th, 2004 at 1:58am

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hits close to home here in chicago. i have seen the video, and it is very sobering.
 
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Reply #22 - Jun 1st, 2004 at 6:59pm
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          My uncle Lou was supposed to be on American Flight 191.  But he was late. He literaly, he missed it by 10 seconds. He saw the plane push back from the gate.  He did not have a ride back home so he walked home, it took him a few hours and, he never knew the plane crashed until he got home. When he walked in the door he saw my whole family crying, thinking he was dead. Cry

                                               
 
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Reply #23 - Jun 1st, 2004 at 7:02pm

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Quote:
          My uncle Lou was supposed to be on American Flight 191.  But he was late. He but literaly, he missed it by 10 seconds. He saw the plane push back from the gate.  He did not have a ride back home so he walked home, it took him a few hours and, he never knew the plane crashed until he got home. When he walked in the door he saw my whole family crying, thinking he was dead. Cry

                                                   



Sobering.  Did he ever set to wondering why he was spared?
 

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Reply #24 - Jun 1st, 2004 at 7:05pm
kcgxlover   Ex Member

 
            Well,  recently, he recently found his long lost daughter that he hasn't seen since she was born in 1974. I think he was spared to see her.
 
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Reply #25 - Jun 1st, 2004 at 7:11pm

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Wow. A real life soap opera! Roll Eyes Grin
 

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Reply #26 - Jun 1st, 2004 at 7:14pm
kcgxlover   Ex Member

 
Quote:
Wow. A real life soap opera! Roll Eyes Grin

I know isn't it.!  Grin
 
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Reply #27 - Jun 3rd, 2004 at 1:11pm

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Quote:
Incidentally, the worst (deadliest) crash in WORLD history took place on March 27, 1977 when a Pan Am 747 slammed head-on into a KLM 747 while they were both headed opposite directions on the same runway, killing 583 people.


Didn't that happen on the island of Tenerife???

I've heard one of the survivor's account of what happened.
 
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Reply #28 - Jun 3rd, 2004 at 3:18pm

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yes it was Andrew.
http://aviation-safety.net/specials/tenerife/spanish-1.htm
a link to a full report of the incident.
 
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Reply #29 - Jun 7th, 2004 at 12:09am

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I live about 1 1/2 miles from that crash site.  There is nothing there now to indicate what happened.  The trailer park is still there, a small trucking company has set up shop on the site where the impact occured, and the training grounds for the Chicago PD police dogs is right next door.  I pass the area frequently, and get chills every time I do.   Sad
 

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